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Thursday, June 23, 2011
Sunday, May 29, 2011
Do you remember
Tree-lined campus path4 years college , but I have in mind , not close friends , beautiful campus , is actually a long piece of Men schools long tree-lined road. I could not believe , so every time back, one could not help but buried himself in , breathe deeply the fragrance of trees and grass , and that the taste lingering in my mind !
- you remember? Tree-lined campus path .
- witness the first date you and I !
- I clearly remember! Tree-lined campus path .
- I love you not only witness , as well as my priceless youth, and indelible memories.
my college life, gather flowers in the tree-lined paths of the one , she is not gorgeous , but not straight Noble, she is quiet, in my heart , take root , grow, stubborn feeding my memories.
- you remember? Tree-lined campus path .
- witness the first date you and I !
- I clearly remember! Tree-lined campus path .
- I love you not only witness , as well as my priceless youth, and indelible memories.
my college life, gather flowers in the tree-lined paths of the one , she is not gorgeous , but not straight Noble, she is quiet, in my heart , take root , grow, stubborn feeding my memories.
Thursday, May 26, 2011
Wednesday, May 25, 2011
After 90 a woman is difficult !
90 men are difficult to1, a woman in this life now, rather difficult, and beautiful point of it, too showy; not beautiful now, Nabuchushou; learning high, no one would dare to marry; knowledge low, and unwanted; lively point of it, that you move bees Citation butterfly; reserved point of it, that you posturing; will dress it, say you like a fairy; not dress it, that you did not feminine; their own money now, and stop looking men; let men support it, say you near wealthy; baby it, afraid of being fired by the boss; Away it, afraid of her husband fired. Well, sad to say women do. Therefore, women should point to the hard men of their own Well, clemency is on, be sure to eat and drink play, or worn out, there will be someone else, spend your money, live in your house, play with your man, your bed sleeping, but also tear your photos, hit your baby.
2, a man tired, so will knock back, the men worry about, why we go to wash your hair, the men suffering, so often only to gamble on them, the men busy, so often on the wrong bed, hoping to have a good three ladies here eight, and considerate man. Very hard to man in this life: Shuai point it, too in demand, not handsome bar, Nabuchushou; lively point of it, that you too much oil, it does not say anything, say you are too boring; wear suits it, say you serious, Wear casual little bar, it says you guys Township; will earn it, for fear god flower; not earn it, afraid of kids weaned, get married, afraid that they regret; do not get married, afraid of her regret, to have a baby now afraid of them not to support, not to have children now, Palao no one would care. This is the first woman to do hard, harder to do men, men, it is necessary for their own good points!
3, appreciation of beauty: the demon is called beauty, ugly temperament, talented woman called Diao, wood called lady; thin called slim, fat called ** ..., high-called Tingtingyuli, short called the small size; listless called gentle, fierce called pungent, silly called the sun, called hard ice, soil is called tradition, Yang called smart, alternative called bandits, show called romantic, tender and beautiful youth called, old called charming, waves called Zhongxingpengyue, cattle called Aoxue Ling-feng, called the emotional specificity of leisure, too busy to call the pursuit of self, a lot of trouble called motherhood, loss called refused to mature, fragile called feminine, not as a woman called Super Girl.
4, to be a woman in modern society, good. Beautiful it is called beautiful, not beautiful it called a temperament; brilliant talented woman called, no talent does not matter, you can call lady - a woman's virtue to be ignorant thing. Thinner called slim, fat called **; high-called slim, small and dwarf called. Good temper, called soft, pungent called a bad temper; love giggle called the youth, called the ice sullenly; lively called stare Light, is called modesty, decent. Make-up called charming and moving, it is not fancy hibiscus water; dress neatly called solemn and gorgeous, casual wear is called the casual ease. Young called the young beautiful and older is called mature and moving; catch many people called the public
star holding on, no one would dare call Aoxue frost recovery. The pursuit of money is called independent, do not make money is called sacrifice for the family; more children, the mother called great not to have children call to respond to national plans. Do not go out every day at home is called virtuous, went out every day, called the women do not come back; never called the emotional specificity of divorce, often called the pursuit of happiness divorce; whining called motherhood, derogatory bullying called Bent, like men who raised their male colleagues to single men for the TV drama called Ladies first; long as the woman called the feminine, not women long - more s okay, is called the fire way to go.
5, after nightfall, our society is this: a drink, a touch, and three boxing matches with death-defying; a call, there to sing, clutching the microphone tightly; with Hu , a bar, each circle has a revenue of; pinch the feet, rubbing the back, massage according to the Luoshui; miss, love, and call two talk; Shall the, say love, the ground round the chaos kick in; eyebrow come, his eyes, and provoke angry husband; stick flowers, and provoke grass, looking for victims of wife chaos; performance, Menglian, and jumping attracted viewing; carnival, crime , and the streets were rampant in;; breaking, the Tomb of the dream of going to get rich.
6, a woman five useless: kitchen home from work, after supper to bed, picking up earnings in the bank, go as far to the mall, life only on a bed.
reform program: you can not go back to work home, some go to bed by the her, picking up his wages to spend, think of what to where, want wear a wedding dress. to the direction of: do not work into the kitchen, you can not go to bed all night, people pay to buy fashion, their earnings in the bank, love where they want, reserve lover in rows.
7, the five men useless: smoking is pumping two five wheels and other car he was riding, his old-fashioned modern society, there is no money there is no stock, curry favor by beer belly. Little rectification and direction
8, female compatriots to learn the proper use of man: talented as a consultant, as long handsome lover, more money when Messire, to homely and the husband, by the living to do confidant, father of the baby when a high IQ. The dawn of the March Eighth, to the long-term battle in the dressing room, watching Korean dramas, do not cook, charming and distinguished women to grasp her husband wallet extend my greetings. I wish all the sisters: Measurements of the devil, the income of white-collar workers, home based walk away, happy day of love persistence, mood of the bourgeoisie, shopping madness of Valentine scale, husband slave!
9, lamenting man: a long ugly talented, handsome earning less long, more money despite the home, cares for nothing, promising not romantic, will be unreliable romantic, by the living and useless, lamented a woman: no less than beautiful kitchen, the kitchen is not gentle, tender not assertive, independent not feminine, a feminine spend money, not spend money's not fashion, fashion is not assured rest assured that they can not see.
2, a man tired, so will knock back, the men worry about, why we go to wash your hair, the men suffering, so often only to gamble on them, the men busy, so often on the wrong bed, hoping to have a good three ladies here eight, and considerate man. Very hard to man in this life: Shuai point it, too in demand, not handsome bar, Nabuchushou; lively point of it, that you too much oil, it does not say anything, say you are too boring; wear suits it, say you serious, Wear casual little bar, it says you guys Township; will earn it, for fear god flower; not earn it, afraid of kids weaned, get married, afraid that they regret; do not get married, afraid of her regret, to have a baby now afraid of them not to support, not to have children now, Palao no one would care. This is the first woman to do hard, harder to do men, men, it is necessary for their own good points!
3, appreciation of beauty: the demon is called beauty, ugly temperament, talented woman called Diao, wood called lady; thin called slim, fat called ** ..., high-called Tingtingyuli, short called the small size; listless called gentle, fierce called pungent, silly called the sun, called hard ice, soil is called tradition, Yang called smart, alternative called bandits, show called romantic, tender and beautiful youth called, old called charming, waves called Zhongxingpengyue, cattle called Aoxue Ling-feng, called the emotional specificity of leisure, too busy to call the pursuit of self, a lot of trouble called motherhood, loss called refused to mature, fragile called feminine, not as a woman called Super Girl.
4, to be a woman in modern society, good. Beautiful it is called beautiful, not beautiful it called a temperament; brilliant talented woman called, no talent does not matter, you can call lady - a woman's virtue to be ignorant thing. Thinner called slim, fat called **; high-called slim, small and dwarf called. Good temper, called soft, pungent called a bad temper; love giggle called the youth, called the ice sullenly; lively called stare Light, is called modesty, decent. Make-up called charming and moving, it is not fancy hibiscus water; dress neatly called solemn and gorgeous, casual wear is called the casual ease. Young called the young beautiful and older is called mature and moving; catch many people called the public
star holding on, no one would dare call Aoxue frost recovery. The pursuit of money is called independent, do not make money is called sacrifice for the family; more children, the mother called great not to have children call to respond to national plans. Do not go out every day at home is called virtuous, went out every day, called the women do not come back; never called the emotional specificity of divorce, often called the pursuit of happiness divorce; whining called motherhood, derogatory bullying called Bent, like men who raised their male colleagues to single men for the TV drama called Ladies first; long as the woman called the feminine, not women long - more s okay, is called the fire way to go.
5, after nightfall, our society is this: a drink, a touch, and three boxing matches with death-defying; a call, there to sing, clutching the microphone tightly; with Hu , a bar, each circle has a revenue of; pinch the feet, rubbing the back, massage according to the Luoshui; miss, love, and call two talk; Shall the, say love, the ground round the chaos kick in; eyebrow come, his eyes, and provoke angry husband; stick flowers, and provoke grass, looking for victims of wife chaos; performance, Menglian, and jumping attracted viewing; carnival, crime , and the streets were rampant in;; breaking, the Tomb of the dream of going to get rich.
6, a woman five useless: kitchen home from work, after supper to bed, picking up earnings in the bank, go as far to the mall, life only on a bed.
reform program: you can not go back to work home, some go to bed by the her, picking up his wages to spend, think of what to where, want wear a wedding dress. to the direction of: do not work into the kitchen, you can not go to bed all night, people pay to buy fashion, their earnings in the bank, love where they want, reserve lover in rows.
7, the five men useless: smoking is pumping two five wheels and other car he was riding, his old-fashioned modern society, there is no money there is no stock, curry favor by beer belly. Little rectification and direction
8, female compatriots to learn the proper use of man: talented as a consultant, as long handsome lover, more money when Messire, to homely and the husband, by the living to do confidant, father of the baby when a high IQ. The dawn of the March Eighth, to the long-term battle in the dressing room, watching Korean dramas, do not cook, charming and distinguished women to grasp her husband wallet extend my greetings. I wish all the sisters: Measurements of the devil, the income of white-collar workers, home based walk away, happy day of love persistence, mood of the bourgeoisie, shopping madness of Valentine scale, husband slave!
9, lamenting man: a long ugly talented, handsome earning less long, more money despite the home, cares for nothing, promising not romantic, will be unreliable romantic, by the living and useless, lamented a woman: no less than beautiful kitchen, the kitchen is not gentle, tender not assertive, independent not feminine, a feminine spend money, not spend money's not fashion, fashion is not assured rest assured that they can not see.
Tuesday, May 17, 2011
What do you want from the future
What do you want from the future?
Would you run if I said you?
Would you chase me if I did?
Would you run if I said you?
Would you chase me if I did?
Sunday, May 15, 2011
Touch of sadness
Recently there is a sense of loss inside along with a touch of sadness
is not too naive
I still stay in the fairy-tale fantasy
or our society is too realistic
not allow me such a reverie
is not too naive
I still stay in the fairy-tale fantasy
or our society is too realistic
not allow me such a reverie
Sunday, May 8, 2011
Fatal life six classic problem °
question one, if a restaurant near your home, things were expensive and unpalatable, the table also crawling cockroaches,
you will because it is very convenient close to again and again three places to visit it?
answer: you will say, What is this rotten problem, who is stupid, paying to be punished?
another occasion the same situation may be, they might like to do stupid things.
many men and women have complained about the character of their lover or spouse, misconduct, half-hearted and irresponsible.
with no good result knowing that, resentment has been more than love, but
put it bluntly, just to be unwilling to habit, and also visit the restaurant this is not the same?
--- man, why should too demanding? !
question two, you will find a newspaper every day because of an accident, do not dare go out?
answer: This is what the bad problem? Of course not, and what is unworthy.
However, many people have said: the divorce rate is so high now, so I could not fall in love.
put it quite for granted.
there are many women see the many reports relating to the other half are worried about their own, this is not a similar response?
so-called optimistic, that is, to believe:
Although the roads more dangerous, or that I would be safe to cross the road, as long as I'm careful, do not be afraid to cross the road.
--- man, must first believe in themselves.
to the three, you believe that everyone can become successful easily it?
answer: Certainly not believe it.
but it has been observed, it was always listening to successful people in the brains of the proposal, for example, more books, more exercises, ask another question?
it is not difficult?
We all want to learn English in 3 minutes, 5 minutes to solve all problems, success is so easy to do it?
change of course is difficult. Successful because not afraid of difficulties, so can excel.
once sat in a taxi, the driver heard all around to see their high-end cars, uphold the sigh:
, asked him:
fact is difficult to obtain any success. We really should not complain about the fate of
.
--- man, on their own!
question four, similar but not the same question: Do you think layup basketball coach did not pitch, eyes closed can lead a perfect victory?
answer: of course, is impossible.
However there are a lot of friends, no time to take care of themselves, but desperately investment to open coffee shop, a restaurant,
to open their own companies do not understand, burning butt hard as eager to spend the savings accumulated , to become a muddle-headed investors.
loss is always more than you earn, but feel that they are because of bad luck, not thinking out of the question.
--- man, I remember that reflect on their own.
question five, you would prefer to never regret, is not willing to try if he could turn the tables?
answer: I'm afraid no one would say:
However, we should not back down when the often desperate retreat, for fear of failure and not try to succeed.
to Michelle Kwan won the 2000 world figure skating championship of the wonderful performance as an example:
bent on winning her first, but in the last race, she's only ranked third in total points,
song choice in the final project, she chose a breakthrough, not less mistakes.
songs in 4 minutes long, combining the highest degree of difficulty of the triple jumps, and also boldly even jump twice.
she may lose it badly, but she, after all, a success.
She said: the effort.
--- man, why not go for it.
question six, your time is infinite, eternal life, so most want to do, it should be postponed indefinitely?
Answer: No, a fool would think so.
However, we often say, so I am old, going around the world;
so I retired, we should do want to do; such as children grow up, I can ... ...
We all thought he had unlimited time and effort.
fact, we can achieve the desired step by step, do not waste their lives in waiting.
efforts step by step if we can close, we will not live a half, there was his most want to see the outcome.
--- man, to live in the moment.
you will because it is very convenient close to again and again three places to visit it?
answer: you will say, What is this rotten problem, who is stupid, paying to be punished?
another occasion the same situation may be, they might like to do stupid things.
many men and women have complained about the character of their lover or spouse, misconduct, half-hearted and irresponsible.
with no good result knowing that, resentment has been more than love, but
put it bluntly, just to be unwilling to habit, and also visit the restaurant this is not the same?
--- man, why should too demanding? !
question two, you will find a newspaper every day because of an accident, do not dare go out?
answer: This is what the bad problem? Of course not, and what is unworthy.
However, many people have said: the divorce rate is so high now, so I could not fall in love.
put it quite for granted.
there are many women see the many reports relating to the other half are worried about their own, this is not a similar response?
so-called optimistic, that is, to believe:
Although the roads more dangerous, or that I would be safe to cross the road, as long as I'm careful, do not be afraid to cross the road.
--- man, must first believe in themselves.
to the three, you believe that everyone can become successful easily it?
answer: Certainly not believe it.
but it has been observed, it was always listening to successful people in the brains of the proposal, for example, more books, more exercises, ask another question?
it is not difficult?
We all want to learn English in 3 minutes, 5 minutes to solve all problems, success is so easy to do it?
change of course is difficult. Successful because not afraid of difficulties, so can excel.
once sat in a taxi, the driver heard all around to see their high-end cars, uphold the sigh:
, asked him:
fact is difficult to obtain any success. We really should not complain about the fate of
.
--- man, on their own!
question four, similar but not the same question: Do you think layup basketball coach did not pitch, eyes closed can lead a perfect victory?
answer: of course, is impossible.
However there are a lot of friends, no time to take care of themselves, but desperately investment to open coffee shop, a restaurant,
to open their own companies do not understand, burning butt hard as eager to spend the savings accumulated , to become a muddle-headed investors.
loss is always more than you earn, but feel that they are because of bad luck, not thinking out of the question.
--- man, I remember that reflect on their own.
question five, you would prefer to never regret, is not willing to try if he could turn the tables?
answer: I'm afraid no one would say:
However, we should not back down when the often desperate retreat, for fear of failure and not try to succeed.
to Michelle Kwan won the 2000 world figure skating championship of the wonderful performance as an example:
bent on winning her first, but in the last race, she's only ranked third in total points,
song choice in the final project, she chose a breakthrough, not less mistakes.
songs in 4 minutes long, combining the highest degree of difficulty of the triple jumps, and also boldly even jump twice.
she may lose it badly, but she, after all, a success.
She said: the effort.
--- man, why not go for it.
question six, your time is infinite, eternal life, so most want to do, it should be postponed indefinitely?
Answer: No, a fool would think so.
However, we often say, so I am old, going around the world;
so I retired, we should do want to do; such as children grow up, I can ... ...
We all thought he had unlimited time and effort.
fact, we can achieve the desired step by step, do not waste their lives in waiting.
efforts step by step if we can close, we will not live a half, there was his most want to see the outcome.
--- man, to live in the moment.
Thursday, April 28, 2011
Wednesday, April 27, 2011
Tuesday, April 26, 2011
Again to continue low-key
Nothing ventured, nothing gained - the first of elementary education.
a girl Advanced Education Reading said: br> older students: the Met, MM see GG empty-handed, so very angry: The couple in the playground exercise. (Cover up your signature)
women (Feelings): usually go up that long with you now feel that a very short run, the feeling of time better life Come on ~
M (blushing): Yes, ah, usually it felt very short walk, with you now feel that a long run, I feel ... ...
women (angry): You rascal! ! !
teachers: the so-called self-defense against your person is made of violence and injuries caused by the other party without liability. But the defense can not be over, that people want you to hurt Shiyao level, you can only hurt the people Shiyao level. The simple point is that people ruffle again to you, you can only ruffle on the others.
MM: God, if someone raped ruffle I do? ? ?
comfort lovelorn two most taboo words:
girl romance, you go to comfort: boys romance, you go to comfort: Who is the next? - Quilt;
(2) Do you often go shopping with along the way also kept rubbing her, touched her who? - Bicycle;
(3) your lips every day slide to slide, to give you fresh feeling is who? - Razor;
(4) next to your ears every day, teach you to see how sexy mm Who? - Glasses;
(5) allows you to walk floating, and a gentle sense of the world has changed is who? - New soft leather pads;
(6) make you blush, the heart can not tell a thousand words but what is time? - Stage presentation;
(7) where you often get naked, and naked out? - Water room;
(8) Do you often get ground rubbing his hands, and the middle is also out of the white liquid is doing? - Laundry;
(9) You saw her excited, and kept twisting the body, also issued a call while his mouth is doing? - Play CS;
(10) Who told you he saw her wanted to tell her you want to speak to her? - You failed math teacher;
(11) when a place on your body will suddenly harden, and then made my heart is true, stop sweating? - Clenched fist read the oath to join the party when;
(12) What hair when you flow, make the place hard, but also a very particular smell? - Setting the water;
(13) when the water dripping, you want to use the tongue to his mouth and suck in who she is? - Ice cream;
(14) when you Listening to the words of Yan Ying Nan to bed only to lie down and go looking for? - On the English listening;
(15) where you will endure quite to go in, but soft to the final out? - The examination room.
nestled in the arms of my girlfriend asked: want, and then out of the sky than a middle finger and said: That day he was late for half an hour, the teacher said in earnest: , and kept suggesting to GG: Results birthday, MM received a fat scale ... ...
brother asked me to recover MM skills, I thought replied: looks good faith and because the girl is very sad, she claimed, Fujian XX University junior, was also stripped of wallet, hungry and cold, asked me to do good to her a number of RMB and took out my student ID card to looks for. Looking at her sincere eyes, I really want to pay, but suddenly I'm inspired but asked her sentence: lows another difficulty:
finally came to the legendary Guangzhou railway station, the phone battery died, so I found a public phone to call his family cheap rate. Surprisingly, even spending two minutes of the call 265 yuan! Occasionally they were more afraid to argue, took out three big ticket to the boss. Na Zhaoqian boss turned in at the counter while, suddenly, she yixian his coat to reveal the chest said to me, , Jin Yong wrote the works of which fourteen? Outdoor
fat mass, fat hole indoor fan, and even rub tactics, Tiannong eight, shooting hard hung suspended mass, Pema small slit, Lu Ding mind slurry pit households, tert-recorded rape En worry, God suspended scared ass, Xia thirsty, easy to lick convex get recorded, forcing blood spattered, ape itching to. Several northeastern
a restaurant to eat in the South, as a small quarrel with the southern side. Noisy for a while, the Northeast is the time to think big brother, so stand up and roll up its sleeves and go out and get ready to dry tile racks, southerners see the potential run, but ran off the side, said: , doing hands-ah ???
B: Well, the subjective class ~
MM not shy said: Thank you for helping me with things, ah, at night I ask you to eat.
I casually said: another day, right ~
MM Lian Lu gloomy: day - dreaming! !
devils in the city to catch Little Soldier. Gazi along telephone poles from the house down on the slip, to the half, I saw an ad poles close to the MM happy side side mirror said to me: jaw tip of the ... ... Facing the roommate could not stand the light, big shouted: said: Finally, next door also contain himself, shouted: A minute later, the school radio station came just listen to mad cry hysterically: Giant advertising ... ...
MM A casually said: V is a circle of three people inside. > MM MARTIN: as follows: dark, Guo Jing and Huang Rong into the room ... ... (here omitted 10000 words) At dawn, they left the room, heard shouts and Guo Jing, Yufeng and to the double eagle, double eagle by Guo Jing and Huang Rong fly away. Suddenly, Guo Jing to jump back from the male female eagle carved back ... ... (here omitted 40000 words) Guo Jing and jump back to the male eagle back, doing well shaped; flew a sudden, Huang Rong jump from the back of the female birds male eagle back ... ... (omitted here 15 million words) and then, Huang Rong jump back to the female eagle back, do meet the like. Double eagle landed in a cave before, Guo Jing and Huang Rong into the cave ... ... (here omitted 20 million characters) Guo Jing and Huang Rong out of the cave, so happy-like. Double-eagle into the cave ... ... (omitted here 30 million words) double-eagle out of the cave, so sweet-like. Guo Jing and Huang Rong and two carved into the cave with ... ... (omitted here 60 million words) and two carved out of the cave Huang Rong, Guo Jing gone out, the female eagle anger, saying:
man has two women love him, a younger than he, a mature than him. Young woman to help him pull hair every day, afraid he looked very mature; mature woman to help him pull every hair, for fear he looked young. Soon after, the man ... ... can be seen on the bald, there is not love two women is a happy thing.
Although the monks of old monk who, in bed is pretty amazing, this hostel is a simple one, the idea is fairly clean, please Shitai quickly incense burner, you and I Look For some it ~
rice after buying his girlfriend upstairs to bed for a girl to go, even to see Shun Kouwen the sentence: Rough!
a female A: If I told my mom my boyfriend is a
dormitory door in a group discussion of GG who is the most beautiful woman. This is Brigitte Lin, Gong Li said that the argument was red in the face. Uncle suddenly interrupted by the porter: the general said, the leadership took office today to better tomorrow, tomorrow, the leaders came to power but also better tomorrow, the day after a change in leadership came to power but also better tomorrow!! signs warning signs are as follows:
boys accidentally turn, will become a girl ... ...
girls accidentally turn, will become a woman ... ...
MM out of the bedroom and birthday buddy , come back at night he cried and said: Then came a hunter,
ask: how could a bird wearing a bullet-proof vests have been killed to dance? ?
girlfriend send text messages over: ? ?
go to the hospital the next day to accompany MM, finished MM after lying in my arms crying, I'm busy comforting her surprise, she took from his pocket a small wooden comb to me, then turned away tears ran ... ...
and his girlfriend ML, not with T, cool! After finishing his girlfriend suddenly exclaimed: Soon a word of disturbing my girlfriend a long sigh of relief, so we safely in bed and do it ... ...
pointing to Sister Furong's chest - to play a phrase.
shy the first time when GG MM unlock clothes, he was very surprised, and asked: ... ... The next day, she noticed the same place and the board a On the third day, she found only two characters on the blackboard - penis! Female teacher got angry it! Was about to attack, she found there the following line of small print, read immediately after the female teacher collapsed ~
a girl Advanced Education Reading said: br> older students: the Met, MM see GG empty-handed, so very angry: The couple in the playground exercise. (Cover up your signature)
women (Feelings): usually go up that long with you now feel that a very short run, the feeling of time better life Come on ~
M (blushing): Yes, ah, usually it felt very short walk, with you now feel that a long run, I feel ... ...
women (angry): You rascal! ! !
teachers: the so-called self-defense against your person is made of violence and injuries caused by the other party without liability. But the defense can not be over, that people want you to hurt Shiyao level, you can only hurt the people Shiyao level. The simple point is that people ruffle again to you, you can only ruffle on the others.
MM: God, if someone raped ruffle I do? ? ?
comfort lovelorn two most taboo words:
girl romance, you go to comfort: boys romance, you go to comfort: Who is the next? - Quilt;
(2) Do you often go shopping with along the way also kept rubbing her, touched her who? - Bicycle;
(3) your lips every day slide to slide, to give you fresh feeling is who? - Razor;
(4) next to your ears every day, teach you to see how sexy mm Who? - Glasses;
(5) allows you to walk floating, and a gentle sense of the world has changed is who? - New soft leather pads;
(6) make you blush, the heart can not tell a thousand words but what is time? - Stage presentation;
(7) where you often get naked, and naked out? - Water room;
(8) Do you often get ground rubbing his hands, and the middle is also out of the white liquid is doing? - Laundry;
(9) You saw her excited, and kept twisting the body, also issued a call while his mouth is doing? - Play CS;
(10) Who told you he saw her wanted to tell her you want to speak to her? - You failed math teacher;
(11) when a place on your body will suddenly harden, and then made my heart is true, stop sweating? - Clenched fist read the oath to join the party when;
(12) What hair when you flow, make the place hard, but also a very particular smell? - Setting the water;
(13) when the water dripping, you want to use the tongue to his mouth and suck in who she is? - Ice cream;
(14) when you Listening to the words of Yan Ying Nan to bed only to lie down and go looking for? - On the English listening;
(15) where you will endure quite to go in, but soft to the final out? - The examination room.
nestled in the arms of my girlfriend asked: want, and then out of the sky than a middle finger and said: That day he was late for half an hour, the teacher said in earnest: , and kept suggesting to GG: Results birthday, MM received a fat scale ... ...
brother asked me to recover MM skills, I thought replied: looks good faith and because the girl is very sad, she claimed, Fujian XX University junior, was also stripped of wallet, hungry and cold, asked me to do good to her a number of RMB and took out my student ID card to looks for. Looking at her sincere eyes, I really want to pay, but suddenly I'm inspired but asked her sentence: lows another difficulty:
finally came to the legendary Guangzhou railway station, the phone battery died, so I found a public phone to call his family cheap rate. Surprisingly, even spending two minutes of the call 265 yuan! Occasionally they were more afraid to argue, took out three big ticket to the boss. Na Zhaoqian boss turned in at the counter while, suddenly, she yixian his coat to reveal the chest said to me, , Jin Yong wrote the works of which fourteen? Outdoor
fat mass, fat hole indoor fan, and even rub tactics, Tiannong eight, shooting hard hung suspended mass, Pema small slit, Lu Ding mind slurry pit households, tert-recorded rape En worry, God suspended scared ass, Xia thirsty, easy to lick convex get recorded, forcing blood spattered, ape itching to. Several northeastern
a restaurant to eat in the South, as a small quarrel with the southern side. Noisy for a while, the Northeast is the time to think big brother, so stand up and roll up its sleeves and go out and get ready to dry tile racks, southerners see the potential run, but ran off the side, said: , doing hands-ah ???
B: Well, the subjective class ~
MM not shy said: Thank you for helping me with things, ah, at night I ask you to eat.
I casually said: another day, right ~
MM Lian Lu gloomy: day - dreaming! !
devils in the city to catch Little Soldier. Gazi along telephone poles from the house down on the slip, to the half, I saw an ad poles close to the MM happy side side mirror said to me: jaw tip of the ... ... Facing the roommate could not stand the light, big shouted: said: Finally, next door also contain himself, shouted: A minute later, the school radio station came just listen to mad cry hysterically: Giant advertising ... ...
MM A casually said: V is a circle of three people inside. > MM MARTIN: as follows: dark, Guo Jing and Huang Rong into the room ... ... (here omitted 10000 words) At dawn, they left the room, heard shouts and Guo Jing, Yufeng and to the double eagle, double eagle by Guo Jing and Huang Rong fly away. Suddenly, Guo Jing to jump back from the male female eagle carved back ... ... (here omitted 40000 words) Guo Jing and jump back to the male eagle back, doing well shaped; flew a sudden, Huang Rong jump from the back of the female birds male eagle back ... ... (omitted here 15 million words) and then, Huang Rong jump back to the female eagle back, do meet the like. Double eagle landed in a cave before, Guo Jing and Huang Rong into the cave ... ... (here omitted 20 million characters) Guo Jing and Huang Rong out of the cave, so happy-like. Double-eagle into the cave ... ... (omitted here 30 million words) double-eagle out of the cave, so sweet-like. Guo Jing and Huang Rong and two carved into the cave with ... ... (omitted here 60 million words) and two carved out of the cave Huang Rong, Guo Jing gone out, the female eagle anger, saying:
man has two women love him, a younger than he, a mature than him. Young woman to help him pull hair every day, afraid he looked very mature; mature woman to help him pull every hair, for fear he looked young. Soon after, the man ... ... can be seen on the bald, there is not love two women is a happy thing.
Although the monks of old monk who, in bed is pretty amazing, this hostel is a simple one, the idea is fairly clean, please Shitai quickly incense burner, you and I Look For some it ~
rice after buying his girlfriend upstairs to bed for a girl to go, even to see Shun Kouwen the sentence: Rough!
a female A: If I told my mom my boyfriend is a
dormitory door in a group discussion of GG who is the most beautiful woman. This is Brigitte Lin, Gong Li said that the argument was red in the face. Uncle suddenly interrupted by the porter: the general said, the leadership took office today to better tomorrow, tomorrow, the leaders came to power but also better tomorrow, the day after a change in leadership came to power but also better tomorrow!! signs warning signs are as follows:
boys accidentally turn, will become a girl ... ...
girls accidentally turn, will become a woman ... ...
MM out of the bedroom and birthday buddy , come back at night he cried and said: Then came a hunter,
ask: how could a bird wearing a bullet-proof vests have been killed to dance? ?
girlfriend send text messages over: ? ?
go to the hospital the next day to accompany MM, finished MM after lying in my arms crying, I'm busy comforting her surprise, she took from his pocket a small wooden comb to me, then turned away tears ran ... ...
and his girlfriend ML, not with T, cool! After finishing his girlfriend suddenly exclaimed: Soon a word of disturbing my girlfriend a long sigh of relief, so we safely in bed and do it ... ...
pointing to Sister Furong's chest - to play a phrase.
shy the first time when GG MM unlock clothes, he was very surprised, and asked: ... ... The next day, she noticed the same place and the board a On the third day, she found only two characters on the blackboard - penis! Female teacher got angry it! Was about to attack, she found there the following line of small print, read immediately after the female teacher collapsed ~
Tuesday, April 19, 2011
Treasure around angry woman
A woman who never lost his temper as a glass of water - to quench their thirst , but tasteless. - You are late , you are angry she was because she was nervous you, she was afraid of you out of any accident . - You smoke, you are angry she was because she was worried about your health. - You drink, you are angry she was because she was worried that no one drunk to take care of you , feel lonely, even more afraid of you at the bar would happen , leaving her alone , she would tell you a long long time , Grow old together. - Your body has been found to have another woman fragrance, her temper to you , because she cares about you, you are all her , she did not want sharing of you with others . - You forget her birthday, she told you angry , because she told you something to look forward , she asked a stranger not remember her birthday . - Animals is the most unreasonable woman , her temper is often guided by the wide variety of reasons. - Woman is the most unreasonable of animals , her reasons are often incomprehensible. - Woman can not be more to a small little things , hair could not be more of a temper . - Because the woman had asked the man on the side , have high hopes , so often disappointed ; loss. - Therefore, a woman is easy on the man angry . - Surrounded by a blow to the woman you are , in fact, is a happy thing ! - And you shall have a temper will make their own men, a woman's greatest torture is also a great happiness. - Care for your love life in this woman that , because it will blow a woman's most lovable ~ - If, one day , she is no longer angry ... you ... that she has not love you!
Monday, April 11, 2011
Finally, hang up , and is the favorite of your
This article from the G, S * Li * o ~ kiss jay
published in that time, girls and boys are in the season of love. Each call, two people always want to smell the long time.
the end, always give up girls in a very ... ...
Later, they parted. Girls soon had a new boyfriend, handsome, generous. Girls feel very satisfied and very proud. Later, she began to feel as if lacking something between them, the anxiety has been the loss of her kind of faint.
what is it? She does not understand. Only two of the call is ended, the girl always felt his Every time, she always felt the cacophony ice crystals in the air, across your eardrums. She seemed to feel like a new boyfriend broken kite, his inability to hand always have that slight instability Flanagan hopeless lines.
Finally one day, the girl and he had a big fight. Very impatient boyfriend turned away. Girls do not cry, it seems there is a sense of relief.
day, the girl thought of the first boy, filled with a moving heart: who heard her This moved her to slowly pick up the phone.
boy's voice is still pristine, tranquil. Girls not even know what to say and hurriedly said
not sure how long the boy's voice over, why do not you hang up?
girl's voice Sese, why should I hang it?
used to it. The boy said quietly, I like you hang up before I worry. But people always hang up after some regret and loss. Girl's voice was trembling.
so I prefer to lose this for themselves, as long as you are happy like.
girl finally irrepressible cry, hot tears soaked mind the memory of love. She finally understand that no patient who heard her last sentence, not the guardian of her life. The love is sometimes as simple as that, a waiting will be able to tell.
read this article if you have some perception it? `
published in that time, girls and boys are in the season of love. Each call, two people always want to smell the long time.
the end, always give up girls in a very ... ...
Later, they parted. Girls soon had a new boyfriend, handsome, generous. Girls feel very satisfied and very proud. Later, she began to feel as if lacking something between them, the anxiety has been the loss of her kind of faint.
what is it? She does not understand. Only two of the call is ended, the girl always felt his Every time, she always felt the cacophony ice crystals in the air, across your eardrums. She seemed to feel like a new boyfriend broken kite, his inability to hand always have that slight instability Flanagan hopeless lines.
Finally one day, the girl and he had a big fight. Very impatient boyfriend turned away. Girls do not cry, it seems there is a sense of relief.
day, the girl thought of the first boy, filled with a moving heart: who heard her This moved her to slowly pick up the phone.
boy's voice is still pristine, tranquil. Girls not even know what to say and hurriedly said
not sure how long the boy's voice over, why do not you hang up?
girl's voice Sese, why should I hang it?
used to it. The boy said quietly, I like you hang up before I worry. But people always hang up after some regret and loss. Girl's voice was trembling.
so I prefer to lose this for themselves, as long as you are happy like.
girl finally irrepressible cry, hot tears soaked mind the memory of love. She finally understand that no patient who heard her last sentence, not the guardian of her life. The love is sometimes as simple as that, a waiting will be able to tell.
read this article if you have some perception it? `
Thursday, April 7, 2011
Transfer the rich support his daughter , the son of poor care
Turn Oh ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
never been more rich lady, less ancient Wan Ku Wei Nan. Means that poor treatment of his son to raise, this is actually a lifetime investment for his son; for her daughter to eutrophication, in fact, is the cultivation of a culture of investment.
eutrophication daughter, the son of poor maintenance. This means that, if raised a daughter, it is necessary for her as much as possible to create a prosperous and comfortable environment for the growth, from small to make her quality of life of monasteries, so that trained girls will grow up good taste, will be create a mood of life; if raised a son, would try to deliberately make him the hardships of life, from childhood to hone his strong will, he can play for future duties of which grew into a real man.
train boy, we should let him eat more bitter, so he has struggled hard to change the power and will. . Training girls on the contrary, it is necessary to enjoy her more and more blessing to her as a good material conditions, shaped by her elegant, generous, decent.
the same time I feel the love and marriage has also been instructive. That is: a woman to marry had it tough, hard to understand the man. Marry a good family man, a woman known over ceremony.
Otherwise, each has a slightly positive proverbs and old saying. Old saying, usually concise, profound meaning, we need to always taste! Can not be underestimated!
Some say the boy stocking fierce as tigers, domesticated show flower girls. I thought, the poor are honed, the boy is the soil itself, will have to grow into a man, so you have to withstand wind and rain by fall. Fu is the care, the girl was lotus root body, knock can not afford, have enervated the point raised. Poor and the rich non-material ratio, an exercise is stress.
never more than rich lady, less ancient Wan Ku Wei Nan, should Daughter of nutrient-rich, not too small profits, extraordinary temperament; life tempered to keep the son of the poor will be stronger; boys to go after the social, social responsibility and family responsibilities, so to keep the poor in order to encourage chi, or recklessly, A dude, how the instructions from the parents, the next support his wife and children!
nutrient-rich girl, childhood will be brought out on various occasions to increase the ability to see the world, until the age of flower-like, to the earth in the difficult growth, they can not easily be confused by a variety of vanity and vanity, have not seen a big been around the girls, dude's sugar-coated bullets, the rhetoric is likely to be defeated. Nutrient-rich girl, because depth of knowledge, independent, assertive, intelligent, very clear what his real pursuit.
rich daughter is a kind of investment in education, education, wealth; poor maintenance men, but also a defeat, Tall in the saddle, and did not experience failure and frustration of the boy grow up.
boys to fight in the future, we must let him know that money is not easily; girls to marry, must develop her vision of identifying things, do not be a piece of cake will give coax away.
rich daughter is more romantic. Known as the daughter of the girl, estimated to also have this origin. Although born from the days of appearance may also require intensive care the day after tomorrow, need to fine polish on weekdays, which is obviously requires some material basis. From another perspective, in addition to better material conditions, but also need to broaden the vision and insight girl. Fu is also a Know how the United States, know how to appreciate, understand discrimination, we would know the self-protection, and will not be tempted by all the outside world.
poor men more solid support. Be a real man, to suffer the hardships in this life, cold, humiliation, frustration, I do not know how many. The ancients said, the day will drop any in he died, must keep their bones, their body skin hunger, suffering of their mind, so that it can rule the world Qijia cultivation. Boys from an early age should cultivate plain living, hard-working style, the idea of filial piety righteousness, particularly in the material can not be too much to give, or easily become another Dandyism son.
eutrophication 20, Furongchushui; poor maintenance of 20 set, sword released.
not so worried about the material conditions of girls, will be easier to cultivate a calm temperament, a little boy got the idea of material conditions, we will not loose. Related with the nature? Girl was the gift of attention to detail, and then instill Boys and vice versa. This is the wisdom of life, right?
strong-willed boy to the girl over ceremony of the book to know. Poor support the rich, did you care about.
domestic kid, she grew strong and unyielding character among children, hard-working spirit, Xiaoyi De good quality. Otherwise, the trees do not brush shape up, blindly spoil, laissez-faire, connivance, would cultivate a gas dude fails to.
family has Jiaonv, we should give in love since childhood, appropriate to meet the material needs, in order to achieve a rich sense of character and heart. Thus, to understand the goodness and learn to identify and protect themselves, took to the community all the material things they are not subject to the temptation to be deceived.
not to say that this topic was raised the son of poor families, wealthy only support his daughter, but to the boy to : living fine, carefree, comfortable living like a needle strong immunized, against her will after the temptation discern the authenticity and become informed TIPS elegant and beautiful woman.
never been more rich lady, less ancient Wan Ku Wei Nan. Means that poor treatment of his son to raise, this is actually a lifetime investment for his son; for her daughter to eutrophication, in fact, is the cultivation of a culture of investment.
eutrophication daughter, the son of poor maintenance. This means that, if raised a daughter, it is necessary for her as much as possible to create a prosperous and comfortable environment for the growth, from small to make her quality of life of monasteries, so that trained girls will grow up good taste, will be create a mood of life; if raised a son, would try to deliberately make him the hardships of life, from childhood to hone his strong will, he can play for future duties of which grew into a real man.
train boy, we should let him eat more bitter, so he has struggled hard to change the power and will. . Training girls on the contrary, it is necessary to enjoy her more and more blessing to her as a good material conditions, shaped by her elegant, generous, decent.
the same time I feel the love and marriage has also been instructive. That is: a woman to marry had it tough, hard to understand the man. Marry a good family man, a woman known over ceremony.
Otherwise, each has a slightly positive proverbs and old saying. Old saying, usually concise, profound meaning, we need to always taste! Can not be underestimated!
Some say the boy stocking fierce as tigers, domesticated show flower girls. I thought, the poor are honed, the boy is the soil itself, will have to grow into a man, so you have to withstand wind and rain by fall. Fu is the care, the girl was lotus root body, knock can not afford, have enervated the point raised. Poor and the rich non-material ratio, an exercise is stress.
never more than rich lady, less ancient Wan Ku Wei Nan, should Daughter of nutrient-rich, not too small profits, extraordinary temperament; life tempered to keep the son of the poor will be stronger; boys to go after the social, social responsibility and family responsibilities, so to keep the poor in order to encourage chi, or recklessly, A dude, how the instructions from the parents, the next support his wife and children!
nutrient-rich girl, childhood will be brought out on various occasions to increase the ability to see the world, until the age of flower-like, to the earth in the difficult growth, they can not easily be confused by a variety of vanity and vanity, have not seen a big been around the girls, dude's sugar-coated bullets, the rhetoric is likely to be defeated. Nutrient-rich girl, because depth of knowledge, independent, assertive, intelligent, very clear what his real pursuit.
rich daughter is a kind of investment in education, education, wealth; poor maintenance men, but also a defeat, Tall in the saddle, and did not experience failure and frustration of the boy grow up.
boys to fight in the future, we must let him know that money is not easily; girls to marry, must develop her vision of identifying things, do not be a piece of cake will give coax away.
rich daughter is more romantic. Known as the daughter of the girl, estimated to also have this origin. Although born from the days of appearance may also require intensive care the day after tomorrow, need to fine polish on weekdays, which is obviously requires some material basis. From another perspective, in addition to better material conditions, but also need to broaden the vision and insight girl. Fu is also a Know how the United States, know how to appreciate, understand discrimination, we would know the self-protection, and will not be tempted by all the outside world.
poor men more solid support. Be a real man, to suffer the hardships in this life, cold, humiliation, frustration, I do not know how many. The ancients said, the day will drop any in he died, must keep their bones, their body skin hunger, suffering of their mind, so that it can rule the world Qijia cultivation. Boys from an early age should cultivate plain living, hard-working style, the idea of filial piety righteousness, particularly in the material can not be too much to give, or easily become another Dandyism son.
eutrophication 20, Furongchushui; poor maintenance of 20 set, sword released.
not so worried about the material conditions of girls, will be easier to cultivate a calm temperament, a little boy got the idea of material conditions, we will not loose. Related with the nature? Girl was the gift of attention to detail, and then instill Boys and vice versa. This is the wisdom of life, right?
strong-willed boy to the girl over ceremony of the book to know. Poor support the rich, did you care about.
domestic kid, she grew strong and unyielding character among children, hard-working spirit, Xiaoyi De good quality. Otherwise, the trees do not brush shape up, blindly spoil, laissez-faire, connivance, would cultivate a gas dude fails to.
family has Jiaonv, we should give in love since childhood, appropriate to meet the material needs, in order to achieve a rich sense of character and heart. Thus, to understand the goodness and learn to identify and protect themselves, took to the community all the material things they are not subject to the temptation to be deceived.
not to say that this topic was raised the son of poor families, wealthy only support his daughter, but to the boy to : living fine, carefree, comfortable living like a needle strong immunized, against her will after the temptation discern the authenticity and become informed TIPS elegant and beautiful woman.
Tuesday, April 5, 2011
Your heart you have a special friend
Every woman, bones have a complex: want to have a male confidant. He is not husband, not lover, but the spirit of living in the area of your man, he was not handsome, not necessarily older than you, but he must mature, wise, understanding ... ...
He did not overbearing husband and neglect, no lover of lust and pain. He has the most charitable spirit, a man bearing, but also a man of Rouchang chivalrous. You and him about life, society, you and he talked about the ideal, feelings; you and he does not need face to face each other, you and he kept his phone always laughing. You always talk endlessly, no matter when he was always quietly listen to your heart.
he is in addition to your other half knows you outside of that person, sometimes even if you do not tell you some of the other half of that to talk to him but you will share your story, some things with other people but you can not say that matter sorted out, he said, with a male confidant is the same as if you're a psychologist, more a spiritual diary. He was like a trash can, fit you and all of the bad state of mind; him like air conditioners, sent a cold air delivery.
he is bothering you, you most loyal audience, your truest friend. He will not because you chatter away from you, not because of your disdain you importune . He will tell you what the best solution, and then together with you out of your Yinhui sky. And when you happy, he will fade out your vision, quiet happy with your happiness! He is your real life friends!!
people live this life, will always encounter a few special people, these people may be just your purely spiritual, but he can not be simply classified as friends, because you pour the love of his friends, beyond the general concept of boundaries and may not have had you and he will be the kind of love the idea of sublimation and the specific behavior, you may even among the pure, have not even shake hands before.
between you and him the kind of emotion, the kind of friendship than in the ordinary, and not simply relegated to the fourth class of feelings of love, friendship and love between it room, maybe you take it above the top of friendship and love, maybe in your heart it is a friendship and love is more profound than the richer feeling.
him, possibly because you are sad sad pat your back, possibly because you are afraid of the dark hold your hand, may also be confused because you cry hold you comfort, but, more than that. Perhaps he was a weekday in the romantic and sentimental man, but in front of you but will not make things any more cells, you're just making a joke in the intimate, in your emotions the virtual joke. That he is not care about your words and deeds, but also people who do not care about your appearance, it can pass through your skin into your inner person.
he will not love any of his shed bright light, do not let myself love burning a hot fire. You want him quietly, quietly read him. You put him in my heart, hidden in your home in the spirit. He has been living inside your dreams, meet him, your loneliness and weakness, they have a storage place.
years, he has been a hotline to your emotions, you want to cheer for joy when you will tell him the first time, because you want him around if not you can share your happy and carefree. When you are depressed sad, you also will think of him, you just want someone to talk with him your feelings, you may even hope that he will accompany you around, give you a solid depend on your arms. Although you do not need him any comfort in any language, as long as he is willing to listen, your sorrow will gradually release, your smile will slowly blossoming.
Maybe as time goes by, you have a dependent of his talk. Every day you get used to him, and also used to contact him every day. Sometimes your heart can not be guaranteed even in himself and his friendship with a horizontal line. You are afraid of the feelings of metamorphic temperature, are afraid of love beyond the composition of friendship. Whenever this time, smart male confidant that he will help you keep a cool head, he would love to burn when you add a little ice, he will not let myself with you accidentally fell into the abyss of love, because he knows
open-minded, cheerful and not such a selfish existence has been known blue-Yan, it should be the life of a beautiful landscape, is difficult to measure the wealth of money, the distance between each other, pure-border exchanges, this friendship will become more permanent.
Sometimes, after you tell him, you have to sew their own share of grief disturb his quiet life, you do not want to let him bear the pain with you, you're just eager I hope he is only a world of sunshine. You may be nostalgic for an old song, a scene of lovers hand think of him, think of his tolerance, thinking of his naughty. You may be due to a familiar landscape, a face similar to that touches your soul think of him, think his wisdom, think of his sincerity. You more because of the midnight sky, the distant moon, think of him, thought he had to bring you joy, think of him sleepless bring you beautiful ... ...
Perhaps his life you would not have the classic life. Also because of his presence, your life more rainbow after the rain article, you have a stretch of green living.
In fact, you and he is bound to be no intersection of two line segments, the two flashes in the night sky of stars never collide, not brewed fruit of love, and, it seems you feel about love on the desecration of the feelings between you, which can only be a supernatural, above the top of the innocent love and friendship of alternative emotions. Because they have this kind of transcendent emotion, you become more of a strong knowledge of life, smiling through that dull life. Even without growing old together, you are still fascinated, as you have those endless recall and fantasy, recall the past, imagine the future ......
glad you every day , have such a friend, with such a feeling, pure and warm, sincere but long. You want him to read him, you deep in my heart for this person left a small space, quietly stick to the share of indefinable emotion. Maybe you knew them, only a few years, you had better forget him completely shift the cost of your life, and even his life he will entrenched in your heart of hearts, but you are very grateful to destiny, thank God gives you this a person, a man you no longer alone in this world, no longer lonely people, even the pain and numbness, and better than pale ... ...
though, he will not forever be by your side ; though, you did not ask him to do something for you, but you hope that he might be too good, there will be a happy family, there will be a successful career. You also know he had the same wish you well, hope you happy every day he was jumping like a rabbit. You are to each other's happiness is their happiness.
He did not overbearing husband and neglect, no lover of lust and pain. He has the most charitable spirit, a man bearing, but also a man of Rouchang chivalrous. You and him about life, society, you and he talked about the ideal, feelings; you and he does not need face to face each other, you and he kept his phone always laughing. You always talk endlessly, no matter when he was always quietly listen to your heart.
he is in addition to your other half knows you outside of that person, sometimes even if you do not tell you some of the other half of that to talk to him but you will share your story, some things with other people but you can not say that matter sorted out, he said, with a male confidant is the same as if you're a psychologist, more a spiritual diary. He was like a trash can, fit you and all of the bad state of mind; him like air conditioners, sent a cold air delivery.
he is bothering you, you most loyal audience, your truest friend. He will not because you chatter away from you, not because of your disdain you importune . He will tell you what the best solution, and then together with you out of your Yinhui sky. And when you happy, he will fade out your vision, quiet happy with your happiness! He is your real life friends!!
people live this life, will always encounter a few special people, these people may be just your purely spiritual, but he can not be simply classified as friends, because you pour the love of his friends, beyond the general concept of boundaries and may not have had you and he will be the kind of love the idea of sublimation and the specific behavior, you may even among the pure, have not even shake hands before.
between you and him the kind of emotion, the kind of friendship than in the ordinary, and not simply relegated to the fourth class of feelings of love, friendship and love between it room, maybe you take it above the top of friendship and love, maybe in your heart it is a friendship and love is more profound than the richer feeling.
him, possibly because you are sad sad pat your back, possibly because you are afraid of the dark hold your hand, may also be confused because you cry hold you comfort, but, more than that. Perhaps he was a weekday in the romantic and sentimental man, but in front of you but will not make things any more cells, you're just making a joke in the intimate, in your emotions the virtual joke. That he is not care about your words and deeds, but also people who do not care about your appearance, it can pass through your skin into your inner person.
he will not love any of his shed bright light, do not let myself love burning a hot fire. You want him quietly, quietly read him. You put him in my heart, hidden in your home in the spirit. He has been living inside your dreams, meet him, your loneliness and weakness, they have a storage place.
years, he has been a hotline to your emotions, you want to cheer for joy when you will tell him the first time, because you want him around if not you can share your happy and carefree. When you are depressed sad, you also will think of him, you just want someone to talk with him your feelings, you may even hope that he will accompany you around, give you a solid depend on your arms. Although you do not need him any comfort in any language, as long as he is willing to listen, your sorrow will gradually release, your smile will slowly blossoming.
Maybe as time goes by, you have a dependent of his talk. Every day you get used to him, and also used to contact him every day. Sometimes your heart can not be guaranteed even in himself and his friendship with a horizontal line. You are afraid of the feelings of metamorphic temperature, are afraid of love beyond the composition of friendship. Whenever this time, smart male confidant that he will help you keep a cool head, he would love to burn when you add a little ice, he will not let myself with you accidentally fell into the abyss of love, because he knows
open-minded, cheerful and not such a selfish existence has been known blue-Yan, it should be the life of a beautiful landscape, is difficult to measure the wealth of money, the distance between each other, pure-border exchanges, this friendship will become more permanent.
Sometimes, after you tell him, you have to sew their own share of grief disturb his quiet life, you do not want to let him bear the pain with you, you're just eager I hope he is only a world of sunshine. You may be nostalgic for an old song, a scene of lovers hand think of him, think of his tolerance, thinking of his naughty. You may be due to a familiar landscape, a face similar to that touches your soul think of him, think his wisdom, think of his sincerity. You more because of the midnight sky, the distant moon, think of him, thought he had to bring you joy, think of him sleepless bring you beautiful ... ...
Perhaps his life you would not have the classic life. Also because of his presence, your life more rainbow after the rain article, you have a stretch of green living.
In fact, you and he is bound to be no intersection of two line segments, the two flashes in the night sky of stars never collide, not brewed fruit of love, and, it seems you feel about love on the desecration of the feelings between you, which can only be a supernatural, above the top of the innocent love and friendship of alternative emotions. Because they have this kind of transcendent emotion, you become more of a strong knowledge of life, smiling through that dull life. Even without growing old together, you are still fascinated, as you have those endless recall and fantasy, recall the past, imagine the future ......
glad you every day , have such a friend, with such a feeling, pure and warm, sincere but long. You want him to read him, you deep in my heart for this person left a small space, quietly stick to the share of indefinable emotion. Maybe you knew them, only a few years, you had better forget him completely shift the cost of your life, and even his life he will entrenched in your heart of hearts, but you are very grateful to destiny, thank God gives you this a person, a man you no longer alone in this world, no longer lonely people, even the pain and numbness, and better than pale ... ...
though, he will not forever be by your side ; though, you did not ask him to do something for you, but you hope that he might be too good, there will be a happy family, there will be a successful career. You also know he had the same wish you well, hope you happy every day he was jumping like a rabbit. You are to each other's happiness is their happiness.
Wednesday, March 30, 2011
A derailment of the dialogue man and the Buddha makes sense
Night, one person, one Buddhist temple, Fozuo stand.
by: Holy Spirit of the Buddha, I am a married person, I now fervently in love with another woman, I really do not know the ruffle.
Buddha: Can you confirm that you fall in love with this woman is the only end your life a woman?
people: Yes.
Buddha: Do you divorce, then marry her.
man: But I love gentle, kind, virtuous, I do have a little cruel, a little immoral.
Buddha: there is no love in marriage is cruel and immoral, you are in love with someone else no longer love her, you got it right.
man: But I love love me, really love me.
Buddha: that she is happy.
man: I want to divorce her after she marries another woman, she should be very painful and would be happy ruffle it?
Buddha: In marriage, she also has her love for you, and you have been in marriage for her lost love because you love someone else, is is happy with that, lost is painful, so painful is you.
man: But I want to divorce her after she marries another man, she should lose me, she should have is painful.
Buddha: You're wrong, you just love her marriage to a specific, when you do not exist in this specific time, her true love will be extended to other specific because her marriage true love never lost it. So she is happy and you is painful.
by: love me a life she said she would not fall in love with someone else.
Buddha: Then you say it?
person: me. Me. . Me. . .
Buddha: Do you now see before you the three candles incense burner, the brightest Flanagan.
people: I really do not know if is the same light.
Buddha: The three candles is like three women, one of which is that you love that woman, mortal beings, millions of women far more than a million, you will not even these three are the brightest candle Flanagan do not know, can not you love to find out why you can identify the woman you love is your life only last a woman?
person: me. Me. . Me. . .
Buddha: Do you now hold a candle in your eyes, hard look at the brightest
Flanagan people: of course, is the brightest in front of this root.
Buddha: You can now put it back in place, and look at the brightest
people Flanagan: Flanagan I really still do not see the light.
Buddha: In fact, you just take the Okanagan is like a candle that you love the last woman, the so-called love from the heart, when you feel you love her, you put your heart go to sleep of its brightest, when you put it back in place, but you can not find the feeling of the brightest point, you only last so-called love is just elusive, in the end after all, is nothing.
person: Oh, I understand, you do not want to divorce me and my love, you are enchant me,
Buddha: see through do not say break, you go it
person: I really know who I love, and she is my current partner.
Buddha: Amitabha, Amitabha
you had someone I have loved nothing more than that is a mortal beings, but love from the heart , thinking that he / she will love this life, when you feel you love her, to feel your love with him / her the most precious, when all things owned by the original, life continues, he / she is nothing more than our lives A passer.
we can not determine which one is the love life, if you do not know how to cherish the love you around you / your loved one, one day, will be passing around you.
find a person you love is not easy to find a person who loves you is not easy. If you can not determine which one is your favorite person, why not become someone else's love in their own time to cherish this love? Love from the heart, you tell yourself you love him / her, naturally, fall in love with him / her.
If you love do not love you, please remember: love from the heart. You too to focus on his / her body, and try to open your focus, you will find light candles everywhere.
love and not love, that is nothing more than an idea.
thing of the past in the past love to let it go, it is only a part of our lives, but a small drop in the ocean, but the crossbow in a long dark green dust. Not those in the past, it will not bring you and me now.
cherish the present, is always better than half-hearted.
by: Holy Spirit of the Buddha, I am a married person, I now fervently in love with another woman, I really do not know the ruffle.
Buddha: Can you confirm that you fall in love with this woman is the only end your life a woman?
people: Yes.
Buddha: Do you divorce, then marry her.
man: But I love gentle, kind, virtuous, I do have a little cruel, a little immoral.
Buddha: there is no love in marriage is cruel and immoral, you are in love with someone else no longer love her, you got it right.
man: But I love love me, really love me.
Buddha: that she is happy.
man: I want to divorce her after she marries another woman, she should be very painful and would be happy ruffle it?
Buddha: In marriage, she also has her love for you, and you have been in marriage for her lost love because you love someone else, is is happy with that, lost is painful, so painful is you.
man: But I want to divorce her after she marries another man, she should lose me, she should have is painful.
Buddha: You're wrong, you just love her marriage to a specific, when you do not exist in this specific time, her true love will be extended to other specific because her marriage true love never lost it. So she is happy and you is painful.
by: love me a life she said she would not fall in love with someone else.
Buddha: Then you say it?
person: me. Me. . Me. . .
Buddha: Do you now see before you the three candles incense burner, the brightest Flanagan.
people: I really do not know if is the same light.
Buddha: The three candles is like three women, one of which is that you love that woman, mortal beings, millions of women far more than a million, you will not even these three are the brightest candle Flanagan do not know, can not you love to find out why you can identify the woman you love is your life only last a woman?
person: me. Me. . Me. . .
Buddha: Do you now hold a candle in your eyes, hard look at the brightest
Flanagan people: of course, is the brightest in front of this root.
Buddha: You can now put it back in place, and look at the brightest
people Flanagan: Flanagan I really still do not see the light.
Buddha: In fact, you just take the Okanagan is like a candle that you love the last woman, the so-called love from the heart, when you feel you love her, you put your heart go to sleep of its brightest, when you put it back in place, but you can not find the feeling of the brightest point, you only last so-called love is just elusive, in the end after all, is nothing.
person: Oh, I understand, you do not want to divorce me and my love, you are enchant me,
Buddha: see through do not say break, you go it
person: I really know who I love, and she is my current partner.
Buddha: Amitabha, Amitabha
you had someone I have loved nothing more than that is a mortal beings, but love from the heart , thinking that he / she will love this life, when you feel you love her, to feel your love with him / her the most precious, when all things owned by the original, life continues, he / she is nothing more than our lives A passer.
we can not determine which one is the love life, if you do not know how to cherish the love you around you / your loved one, one day, will be passing around you.
find a person you love is not easy to find a person who loves you is not easy. If you can not determine which one is your favorite person, why not become someone else's love in their own time to cherish this love? Love from the heart, you tell yourself you love him / her, naturally, fall in love with him / her.
If you love do not love you, please remember: love from the heart. You too to focus on his / her body, and try to open your focus, you will find light candles everywhere.
love and not love, that is nothing more than an idea.
thing of the past in the past love to let it go, it is only a part of our lives, but a small drop in the ocean, but the crossbow in a long dark green dust. Not those in the past, it will not bring you and me now.
cherish the present, is always better than half-hearted.
Tuesday, March 29, 2011
Must not be eaten seven vegetables
Seven vegetables do not usually like to eat
■
before a meal to eat before a meal to eat tomatoes, tomatoes, easy to make gastric acid increased consumption of those who will have heartburn , abdominal pain And other symptoms. Meal to eat tomatoes, the acid has been mixed with food , will reduce the acidity of the stomach , you can avoid these symptoms.
■ drink carrot juice and drink
U.S. Food and experts found that if carrot juice is rich in carotene ingested together with alcohol , can produce toxins in the liver , Causing liver disease. Therefore , it is recommended people not to drink carrot juice after drinking , or drinking carrot juice after a drink .
■ shiitake mushrooms over- rich immersion
lysergic Zi alcohol , this substance after receiving sunlight into vitamin D. If soaked in water or excessive cleaning, will be the loss lysergic Zi alcohol and other nutrients.
■ fried bean sprouts and bean sprouts due to fire
quality tender delicious , nutritious, but be sure to eat the fry . Otherwise, the sprouts contain trypsin inhibitors and other harmful substances , food that may cause nausea, vomiting , diarrhea, dizziness and other adverse reactions.
■ fried bitter gourd did not Billy
contain oxalic acid can prevent the absorption of calcium in food . Therefore, in the fried bitter gourd , you should first boiled bitter gourd in boiling water until the removal of oxalic acid after cooking.
■
greens and leftovers stored for too long (especially green leafy vegetables, leeks , etc. ) stored for too long will produce large amount of nitrite , even if the surface does not look Bad, smell the odor, can make them a minor food poisoning , especially the frail and sensitive person . Therefore, neither long cooking green leafy vegetables , can not do a good job too long after the store .
■ frozen vegetables most of the cooking time is too long
frozen vegetables have been boiled off , so do not cook too long , otherwise they will lose a lot of nutrition.
■
before a meal to eat before a meal to eat tomatoes, tomatoes, easy to make gastric acid increased consumption of those who will have heartburn , abdominal pain And other symptoms. Meal to eat tomatoes, the acid has been mixed with food , will reduce the acidity of the stomach , you can avoid these symptoms.
■ drink carrot juice and drink
U.S. Food and experts found that if carrot juice is rich in carotene ingested together with alcohol , can produce toxins in the liver , Causing liver disease. Therefore , it is recommended people not to drink carrot juice after drinking , or drinking carrot juice after a drink .
■ shiitake mushrooms over- rich immersion
lysergic Zi alcohol , this substance after receiving sunlight into vitamin D. If soaked in water or excessive cleaning, will be the loss lysergic Zi alcohol and other nutrients.
■ fried bean sprouts and bean sprouts due to fire
quality tender delicious , nutritious, but be sure to eat the fry . Otherwise, the sprouts contain trypsin inhibitors and other harmful substances , food that may cause nausea, vomiting , diarrhea, dizziness and other adverse reactions.
■ fried bitter gourd did not Billy
contain oxalic acid can prevent the absorption of calcium in food . Therefore, in the fried bitter gourd , you should first boiled bitter gourd in boiling water until the removal of oxalic acid after cooking.
■
greens and leftovers stored for too long (especially green leafy vegetables, leeks , etc. ) stored for too long will produce large amount of nitrite , even if the surface does not look Bad, smell the odor, can make them a minor food poisoning , especially the frail and sensitive person . Therefore, neither long cooking green leafy vegetables , can not do a good job too long after the store .
■ frozen vegetables most of the cooking time is too long
frozen vegetables have been boiled off , so do not cook too long , otherwise they will lose a lot of nutrition.
Chicken Soup
Do not know how to feel a bit lonely feeling of noise , although there are many people around and I felt like life had a rhythm with a smile, but some people find themselves in dealing with interpersonal relationships , or not so skillful. To see themselves as trying to lower with the kind of attitude , the kind of expression , would smile on the face of my life not encountered a person. Indeed, if it is suspected his really very confused ? Giving the impression that , with the physical aspect of it is distorted. Worth mentioning is the misunderstanding be good to understand . Is thought to leave a good impression to the people . Let people also know me understand my life. To permanent friends , rather than the kind of pattering , or talk to me laughing eye contact. Maybe his back to the original really do . . A lot of do not know ? ?
Sunday, March 27, 2011
Buddha, 50 classical language
I. One reason for suffering, is the pursuit of the wrong things.
Second, so much the pain of others, you, as that their cultivation is not enough.
Third, if you do not give their own troubles, others will never give you trouble. Because of your own heart, you can not let go.
four, good discipline yourself, do not control other people.
Fifth, do not forgive all beings, sentient beings do not forgive, is suffering yourself.
six, let alone the poor people, she is more pathetic, and how their own practice? They know how much your life?
seven, Buddhism is for their own conscience, not do to others to read.
eight, reward and not enough people would often hear wrong; reward enough people had never heard of right and wrong.
IX is a bit of work practice.
ten, in good times in practice, can never become a Buddha.
XI, you never want to thank you all living creatures of adversity.
second, you always have to accept their fate, because you are human.
thirteen, you'll have to forgive all living beings, no matter how bad, even he hurt you, you have to go, and can only be really happy.
XIV, this world has always been painful, there is no exception.
fifth, when you are happy, you want to, this happiness is not eternal. When you are suffering pain when you want it is not eternal.
sixteen, know themselves, yield themselves, change themselves, to change others.
seventh, today's dedication, will become tomorrow's regret.
eighteen, you can have love, but not attached, because the separation is inevitable.
nineteenth, do not waste your life you will regret it in the local.
twenty, when did you go, and when there is no trouble.
twenty-one, there is no difference inside the heart, is the real ascetic.
twenty-two, the first Buddhist concept of living beings will never see the fault. You see the fault of living beings, you never contaminate your own, you do not practice.
two or three, if every day you see the faults and non-living beings, you have to quickly go to confession, this is the practice
twenty-four, karma-ridden people, all day long looking at other people's mistakes and shortcomings, the real practice of people, never to see other people's mistakes and shortcomings.
twenty-five, every trauma, is a kind of maturity.
twenty-six, when you know the confusion, this is not the poor, confused when you do not know when is the most miserable.
Erqi, arrogant people have saved, low self-esteem people do not save.
twenty-eight, you should not have been dissatisfied with others, you should always review their own son. Dissatisfied people are suffering yourself.
twenty-nine, all draconian laws, this is false, you do not get too low self-esteem yourself. All good deeds, but also false, you do not get too arrogant yourself.
thirty, when you worry, you have to tell yourself that all this is false, what you worry?
Trinity, when you are not Buddhist, you see nothing for us. When you study Buddhism then, what you see are smooth.
thirty-two, you have to accommodate those views with you different people, like this day be better. If you've always wanted to change him, it looks like you will be painful. To learn how to put he is. You have to learn how tolerant he is.
three days in recognition of his greatness, that is, acknowledge their Yuyi.
three or four, practice is to modify their misconceptions.
three to five, doctors Medical Ming Zhong difficult person, difficult to cross the Buddha missed beings.
Three Six, a person can not be from the heart to forgive others, then he would never have peace of mind.
notoginseng, hearts filled with their own views and ideas, never hear the voices of others.
March Eighth, destruction of people as long as the word, to cultivate one thousand words, you multi-port mercy.
Sanjiu, when you advise someone, if not consider other people's self-esteem, then even the best words are useless.
forty, not in your wisdom mixed with arrogance. Do not make your humble heart the lack of wisdom.
ONE, do not have to go back to curse you people? If there is a mad dog bites you, do you have to get down to bite back his bite?
Four-Two, jealous of others, does not add any benefit for himself. Jealous of others, can not reduce other people's achievements.
four three, never waste a minute, think about any of you do not like.
four-four, how many people want to leave this world, will say the same sentence, this world is really helpless and sad ah!
four or five, love is not a charity, not charity. Love is no formula, no principle, no reason to follow. But people are still persistent and the pursuit of death.
forty-six, please use the attitude of compassion and gentle, dissatisfaction and grievances you say it, someone else is easy to accept.
four times seven, to create opportunities for people who are brave. Waiting for the opportunity to fool the people.
forty-eight, can not say the line, not true wisdom.
Sijiu, listen more carefully to how people say, do not rush to express your own views.
fifty, the same bottle, why do you want to install poison? The same psychological, why do you full of trouble?
Second, so much the pain of others, you, as that their cultivation is not enough.
Third, if you do not give their own troubles, others will never give you trouble. Because of your own heart, you can not let go.
four, good discipline yourself, do not control other people.
Fifth, do not forgive all beings, sentient beings do not forgive, is suffering yourself.
six, let alone the poor people, she is more pathetic, and how their own practice? They know how much your life?
seven, Buddhism is for their own conscience, not do to others to read.
eight, reward and not enough people would often hear wrong; reward enough people had never heard of right and wrong.
IX is a bit of work practice.
ten, in good times in practice, can never become a Buddha.
XI, you never want to thank you all living creatures of adversity.
second, you always have to accept their fate, because you are human.
thirteen, you'll have to forgive all living beings, no matter how bad, even he hurt you, you have to go, and can only be really happy.
XIV, this world has always been painful, there is no exception.
fifth, when you are happy, you want to, this happiness is not eternal. When you are suffering pain when you want it is not eternal.
sixteen, know themselves, yield themselves, change themselves, to change others.
seventh, today's dedication, will become tomorrow's regret.
eighteen, you can have love, but not attached, because the separation is inevitable.
nineteenth, do not waste your life you will regret it in the local.
twenty, when did you go, and when there is no trouble.
twenty-one, there is no difference inside the heart, is the real ascetic.
twenty-two, the first Buddhist concept of living beings will never see the fault. You see the fault of living beings, you never contaminate your own, you do not practice.
two or three, if every day you see the faults and non-living beings, you have to quickly go to confession, this is the practice
twenty-four, karma-ridden people, all day long looking at other people's mistakes and shortcomings, the real practice of people, never to see other people's mistakes and shortcomings.
twenty-five, every trauma, is a kind of maturity.
twenty-six, when you know the confusion, this is not the poor, confused when you do not know when is the most miserable.
Erqi, arrogant people have saved, low self-esteem people do not save.
twenty-eight, you should not have been dissatisfied with others, you should always review their own son. Dissatisfied people are suffering yourself.
twenty-nine, all draconian laws, this is false, you do not get too low self-esteem yourself. All good deeds, but also false, you do not get too arrogant yourself.
thirty, when you worry, you have to tell yourself that all this is false, what you worry?
Trinity, when you are not Buddhist, you see nothing for us. When you study Buddhism then, what you see are smooth.
thirty-two, you have to accommodate those views with you different people, like this day be better. If you've always wanted to change him, it looks like you will be painful. To learn how to put he is. You have to learn how tolerant he is.
three days in recognition of his greatness, that is, acknowledge their Yuyi.
three or four, practice is to modify their misconceptions.
three to five, doctors Medical Ming Zhong difficult person, difficult to cross the Buddha missed beings.
Three Six, a person can not be from the heart to forgive others, then he would never have peace of mind.
notoginseng, hearts filled with their own views and ideas, never hear the voices of others.
March Eighth, destruction of people as long as the word, to cultivate one thousand words, you multi-port mercy.
Sanjiu, when you advise someone, if not consider other people's self-esteem, then even the best words are useless.
forty, not in your wisdom mixed with arrogance. Do not make your humble heart the lack of wisdom.
ONE, do not have to go back to curse you people? If there is a mad dog bites you, do you have to get down to bite back his bite?
Four-Two, jealous of others, does not add any benefit for himself. Jealous of others, can not reduce other people's achievements.
four three, never waste a minute, think about any of you do not like.
four-four, how many people want to leave this world, will say the same sentence, this world is really helpless and sad ah!
four or five, love is not a charity, not charity. Love is no formula, no principle, no reason to follow. But people are still persistent and the pursuit of death.
forty-six, please use the attitude of compassion and gentle, dissatisfaction and grievances you say it, someone else is easy to accept.
four times seven, to create opportunities for people who are brave. Waiting for the opportunity to fool the people.
forty-eight, can not say the line, not true wisdom.
Sijiu, listen more carefully to how people say, do not rush to express your own views.
fifty, the same bottle, why do you want to install poison? The same psychological, why do you full of trouble?
Thursday, March 3, 2011
Combat experience (MACD)
(1) shares fell in after a long, began to bottom, and then began a slow recovery in stock prices, 5, 10, the average price lines, 5, 10 daily average volume of the gold line and the MACD crossover points have emerged, referred to as the three-Jin Cha , when the stock price bottomed out in the signal, while the number of cross more and see the bottom of the continuous improvement of the accuracy of the higher, the stock market will rise out of the wave. such as: 0933 Shenhuo shares, 5 January 2000 Japan, the Unit 5, 10, the average price line, 5, 10, while average daily volume on the bottom line and the MACD MACD, which appears three-Jin Cha, this time is the best time to intervene, and then appeared in the Unit a wave of strong upside market in 3 months time, the share price, which rose to 17.50 yuan 10.69 yuan, an increase of 70%.
(2) when the stock price through a rose, sought after by many small and medium investors , the main force to be distributed, then there 5, 10, the average price line, 5, 10, while average daily volume of line and MACD Sicha, is the best time to sell, then if a little hesitation, the share price will blew out. If the fruit industry 0722, for March 9, 2000 three Sicha there is a strong sell signal, and then started a stock crash in just two months, fell to 13.46 yuan from the 27.17 yuan, alarming decline. main fled, the following from that is a continuous 阴跌.
(3) parameters fast EMA12, slow EMA26
use: MACD meteoric rise with the price increase, that white line across the Yellow River line (Do not buy the first), then with the stock down, DIF (white line) to the MACD (yellow line) to move closer, when the white line and yellow line bonding time (not to turn green turn green), only this time with Japanese K line can, when the K line has stabilized at this time signals, such as: income Yang, Cross Star and so on. (Note that in the forthcoming white and yellow glue will begin when the draining imports, observed power seller), if this time can only or called International 99 May 18 and June 4 0542TCL Communications 18, 2000, 1, etc. The list goes on.
the other hand, when the stock price highs, MACD turned green, bounced again, this time when the DIF (white line) and MACD (yellow line) when bonding [to red is not red] If blocked, such as income Yin, Cross magnitude, there may be Many people think that to resume its rally this time, the best selling points in other people tend to buy quilt them. are free to cite a few examples .0796 Po business August 17, 2000. 600 720 Qilian 98 November 24 98 600 823 Vientiane Group In 10 29, Nov. 9, Dec. 3.
operation Note:
A. divergence breakdown or a breakthrough when it ignored the previous high (low) bit high as long as a roof B. divergence may generally sell, do not fight to re-meteoric rise, unless the sun or the daily limit.
C. The short-term trading point for the search for means of wonders, short-term rate of more than 15%, but the middle and form the trend to combine long-term other.
(4) appears in many users, the average system parameters (number of days) is set to 5 days, 10 days, 20 days or 30 days is a common set method, but personally think that at this stage in the Chinese stock market , 55 days, 120 days, 250 day moving average number of days is the ideal setting, it may be said: the number of days short-term moving average system can only provide the user with some modest profit, but for our long-term average system was able to find a big black horse, generate huge profits, and when prices fall, these three averages often provide us with a bargain time to buy or sell into rallies.
doubled from a number of stock prices is easy to see the trend of large Ushimata , breaking the long-term moving average on the file that is 55 days, 120 days and 250 days moving average is necessary for the formation of large bull market conditions, although the average share price over the long term stocks will not necessarily sharp rise, but there have been a substantial rise in stock price rose substantially in both the long-term average after the break. Once the long term moving average was ordered, and began to diverge, then stock prices will rise out of a continuous market shocks.
more than we Haimei Lin (600,073) as an example to analyze: the share price since mid-October 1999, after moving average fell to 250 days moving average support and stabilized by the then market bottoming out, early in December exceeded the pressure on the file Bannian average, indicating a wave rally is brewing, December 30 share price fell back to 120 days moving average at stabilized, and again up, entered the stage dramatically rose; subsequent stock price formation in the February 17 finished lower, to the next file not stabilized at 55 days moving average fell to 120 days average stabilized, then rebounded, but the file was blocked in the last 55 days moving average, the rally ended. June 15 this year, below the 120-day moving average price, followed by the formation of the moving average of stock prices was the pressure, 29 June two MA issued Sicha, indicating stock will likely late day moving average at closer to 250.
average in three, 55-day moving average is generally short-, medium-long-short line strength. In general, the process of the rise below effective 55 days moving average indicates the arrival of an interim adjustment, the 120 day moving average is the long-term strength of long and short boundaries, in general, the stock fell to 120 days moving average or the current increased to 120 days moving average usually arise after the transfer head (stage formation of the high points and low), 250 day moving average is the original trend line, only when the 250 days moving average up or down to the more obvious changes, the only representative of trends is completely weakened or strengthened.
Moving Average smoothing differences
Moving Average Convergence and Divergence
moving average smoothing differences, referred to as MACD, is the recently created United States of technical analysis tools. MACD absorbed the advantages of moving average. using moving averages to determine trading opportunity, when the trend is clearly very effective, but if the leather hit the stock market correction, the signals often not accurate.
moving average based on principles developed by the MACD, one to overcome the moving average frequent false signal defects, and secondly, to ensure the greatest victories moving average.
method:
MACD is calculated two different speeds (long-term and medium term) of the exponential smoothing moving average (EMA) from the difference market conditions as the basis for judgments.
1, were calculated first at the closing price of exponential smoothing SHORT AND LONG day moving average exponential smoothing moving average, denoted by EMA (SHORT) and EMA (LONG).
2, find the two exponential smoothing moving average of the difference, that is:
DIFF = EMA (SHORT)-EMA (LONG)
3, then calculate the MID DIFF day exponential smoothing moving average, denoted DEA .
4, last, DIFF by DEA, have MACD.MACD usually drawn as fluctuations around the zero axis of the column.
in the drawn graph, DIFF pace with the DEA to form a two moving average, buy also decided to enter a sell signal at the intersection of these two lines. Obviously, MACD is a technical tool for long-term investment trends. By default, the system draws the map in
Vice SHORT = 12, LONG = 26 , MID = 9 when the DIFF line, DEA Line, MACD line (column line).
application rules:
1, DIFF and the DEA are all positive, that is, above all in the zero axis, the general trend is a bull market , DIFF break up the DEA, can be bought.
2, DIFF are negative with the DEA, which are below the zero axis, the general trend is a bear market, DIFF DEA can be used to sell down below.
3, When the DEA trend line and K line reversal signal occurs when departure.
4, DEA Office in the disk, the error rate is higher, but if with the RSI and KD, can be appropriate to cover the deficiency.
5, of MACD Column from positive to negative, often direct the sale, on the contrary tend to buy signal.
MACD combat tactics
a, There are four types can predict the form of skyrocketing. So, technical indicators are the indicators did not predict surge? answer is yes. The first is green column, DIF index, DEA indicators. which, when DIF, DEA indicators in the O-axis below, if the short term (8 or 13 trading days) occurred two consecutive Jin Cha, Jin Cha in the second occurred when the boom may occur.
use Low DIFF Jin Cha ; MACD MACD low day and moderate to heavy volume, significantly increased the reliability of integrated judged. that is: MACD practical application stock picking
investment in the stock market, MACD indicators of technical analysis as a means of understanding by investors. But how to use the MACD indicator, can the state achieve the best return on investment, it is wise minimal. Technical analysis as an investment in stock market analysis tools, has two functions. The first is that stock market investment opportunities and, secondly, to protect the investment income from stock market losses. in the stock market operations, MACD indicators in the protection of investment those interests, far more than it found the effectiveness of investment opportunities, MACD indicators as a means of long-term analysis, it generates a cross-signal lags behind on the short-term trading. MACD indicators are trend indicators of trends in class, which consists of long-term moving average MACD, the short term MA DIF, red energy column (long), green energy column (short), 0 axis (long and short line) of five parts. It is the use of short-term and long-term moving average MACD moving average crossing DIF as a signal. MACD indicator signals generated by cross- relatively slow, but as a trading strategy to develop the appropriate use of better, the specific use is as follows:
1 when the DIF, MACD two values at 0 axis side, indicating the trend in a bull market, investors should be holding the main strategy. If the DIF generated from the bottom up and the MACD cross, does not represent a buy signal, at which point the market trend has been the high point of a short-term, it should be buy low, sell high strategy of throwing. In general, the Cross signaling, or the day after the third day, there will be a pullback low at the moment to re-bid, cost-sharing to achieve the purpose. If the DIF down from the cross on the MACD, indicating that the band has been rising prices end, usually cross-signals in the market after the election, a wave decent rebound, has confirmed the formation of short-term top, when investors can take the opportunity to open out. in the wake of adjustment, the use of Stochastic KDJ, strong or weak KSI target and then wait for an opportunity involved, share * for the low cost. If the DIF second from the bottom up and MACD cross, indicating that efforts will produce a larger wave of rising prices, the cross signal generation, investors should be holding all the way, DIF again until the MACD cross down from the previous time, and then all of the stock clearance to be carrying a purse home to rest. As the stock market is very dynamic, MACD indicators often with the K line was deviated from the trend charts, usually known as the bear away from. both K line charts the recent hit second or third high point, MACD indicators do not match a corresponding high point, but the opposite trend, gradually reduce the vertex. views kinds of phenomena should be caused by the vigilance of investors, because it indicates that the next market crash will produce, so investors should adopt a strategy to leave clearance to make their own stock to avoid the quilt, to avoid the loss of funds.
2 when both DIF and MACD 0 axis at the bottom of the index, indicating the current trend is bear market, investors holding money as the main strategy should be. If DIF down from the cross on the MACD, it will have an adjustment low. In general, after wave generated by the rally, which is a very good open opportunities for investors. In China the stock market, there is no established mechanism for the air, so the stock market enters a bear market, investors, the best strategy is to stay on the sidelines. depreciation in the stock investors can also be added to the hands of the capital. If DIF MACD crossover from the bottom up, it will produce a high point recently, investors should be decisive positions. This signal generation, generally rebound nature of the majority. in the bear market, every rebound should be seen as the best opportunity to ship. In particular, attention is needed, if the DIF cross down on the second time by the MACD, the herald wave of the future will be greater decline in market produce. investors should cross signal generation, the firm clearing out. usually produced this fall, is the wave theory of wave C decline was the most lethal fall wave. only escaped the C wave down , we can say that really made money in the stock market. In the bear market after a C wave down after Occasionally MACD chart indicators and K Line have deviated from the phenomenon, usually called the cattle away from. both the K line charts appear the first Second or third recent low, MACD indicators have no corresponding low, there was a higher than a bottom end of the opposite trend, this phenomenon, indicates that inversion will occur in the future market trends, investment who should be actively involved, because the current market there is no risk.
3 when the MACD indicator as separate systems, the short-term movements can be judged reference to DIF. If the DIF fell below the O-axis on the down trend can be seen as possible into bear market, indicating that the general trend will be weak, should arouse the vigilance of investors. in the bear market, investors bear the risks outweigh the benefits. If the MACD fell from the air on the O axis to confirm the bear market trend. Investors sitting on the sidelines of the strategy should be adopted in order to avoid market risk, so that the bull market are guaranteed to earn a profit. If DIF across the O-axis from the bottom up, the cloth can be seen as possible into the bull market trend. indicates that the general trend will be strengthened, the operation should be part of the funds involved. If the MACD from bottom to confirm the general trend across the O-axis into the bull market. investors can stake a bold, positive intervention. in a bull market, gains higher than the risk.
4 in MACD indicators, the red columns and green energy column of energy, representing the strength of long and short rise and fall of energy. their response to the market than the short-term moving average in the time ahead of DIF. In MACD indicators, the energy released into the process is a sequential process asymptotically, usually was gradually enlarged. The pursuit of philosophy in the East, Figure to come, when the K line charts the rise almost 90 degrees, combined with the rapid amplification red column of energy, the general trend indicates that the top of almost. especially the adjacent two contiguous red energy generated when the column, the outbreak of market will be more rapid. On the contrary, in the bear market, this phenomenon is also true. in a familiar way of this operation, after investors fled to the roof and the hunters will be highly beneficial.
5 in the process of using the MACD indicator, Two things to note, first, MACD indicators for short-term top and bottom of the judged, not necessarily credible, only the combination of rate and static in the medium-term deviation from the ADR index, it can be determined. Second, the MACD line by week Index of indicators than the daily MACD line effect.
In short, when using the MACD indicator to determine the properties of the market. that the current market is a bull market or bear market. According to different market attributes to different operating strategies to avoid the risk and protect profits. the specific operation, MACD's golden cross is an important time to buy stocks generally. First, analysis of its key points, when the DIF and the MACD two lines below the 0 axis and the far downstream by the converted to go flat, and the DIF on the fast lane through the formation of the MACD MACD slow line is a better short-term buying opportunity, but must pay attention to DIF and the MACD to judge the distance from the 0 axis mainly based on history as a reference. and in 0 axis above the MACD is not too far away from the 0 axis, otherwise the reliability will be greatly reduced. more inclined to both the red bars in the red sea contiguous area in the 0 axis side cross MACD formed a positive DIF Jin Cha, which line reliability is good. This will also meet the strong market opportunities, weak stock market, the truth is difficult to make money.
Third, utilize and 30 day moving average with up to find the bottom of the approach, the vast majority of invalid signal can be removed, leaving the most honest and pure buy signal. the use of rules: MACD indicator line in the DIF 0 Jin Cha-axis after the following line with the MACD did not rise to above the 0 axis, but soon with the MACD line Sicha, this time when investors can wait the two lines re-Jin Cha, Jin Cha again if the two lines (in the 0 axis below) before and after an average of 30 days line also Guaitou uplink, which suggests that the bottom and build successful, the possibility of a wave of higher prices.
four, MACD divergence relaxation of deep exploration
MACD back bargain-hunting method (a): Basic elements of Posts
MACD indicator is the trend of the most famous indicator of the stability of its main features, such indicators, but the degree of short-sensitive features in terms of course there are disadvantages too slow, but it is so, it can determine a longer period, the data given a larger number of market trends point to a relatively secure. If so, will the weekly MACD is shown in a relatively long time-more than 15 minutes, especially in the trading day the use of lunch, may be of shorter length, into several short-term trading of doing an excellent tool. It should be noted that in the current stock trading system, many parameters quickly get 12, many parameters to take 26 slow, because China's stock market in the early of the week 6 day, an average of 26 trading days in January and so inherited, investors can be changed to 10 and 22. but the basic difference is not so, then did not pay attention and have been followed so far. indicators deviated from the principle is the use of the MACD the essence, but also the accuracy of this indicator is high. which is subdivided into top and bottom back flip back flip. Its basic elements are as follows:
1, the formation of the back relaxation principle: the air is often more than one run in the market there appeared after a longer period (the image on the cross is the DIF and the DEA, after the opening was nearly parallel to the same period of time to run), because it represents the strength of a strong party, in which case they often go too far, this asymmetry in stock prices and indexes to form a back flip! as the broader market early last November to double the process to the top of the back there is a clear relaxation.
2, flip back the origin of values is very important, stressed the need to have a significant high (low) points of! attention to the same rising (falling) trend in the values and the highest (low) points after running for some (usually the last paragraph in the fall, a third wave of stock and index low) after appears origin;
3, the principle of continuity. Note: 1, you must re-apply under the right price index; 2, suspension indicators movement stage failure; 3, price limits indicator failure. back flip is a process of energy accumulation, only shock Transactions can be beneficial to the energy accumulation and conversion! Therefore, suspension failure during the MACD indicator is easy! way to form a view, only to price shocks own run (down) on the back and form the sub-relaxation has a high top (bottom) signals, the kind of indicators surge (down) after the formation of relaxation is often bounce back (callback) market. because the only way to gradually shock is the energy released in full to complete the set top (bottom) of, but that rebellion while filling the market one way to expand the play range, there will be at least several times after its relaxation back to the real reversal.
MACD hunters back relaxation method (b): the end of the three recurrent
back flip one Shibuguosan. during a slump in market , after the end of consecutive low back flip 2 back flip in sequence, the base can be determined down market is the end. but at this time often due to the tenacious strength of the downward short holiday break, with its breakthrough indicators, although there relaxation may be punctured at the bottom of the first two back, that did not form the first two back the relative relaxation, but its origin and the original back flip back flip is still forming, and is the third back flip, but can be a bold backhand operation Operating hunters. reversal after three back market rate of relaxation are often large and safe, which requires continuous large number of the late surge in support. ST segment recent stocks fell during the 60 minutes figure to form a clear relaxation of the three back , which also supports the expansion of its rally.
two symmetry principle. in the stock market, the symmetry principle of the existence of very broad, MACD back relaxation is no exception. In general, there are many, especially the end of the back flip back relaxation after the market peaked mostly stock transaction, or the top end of the back flip. because the back end of the concentration, the energy relaxation, after the commencement of the rally prone to revenge repressed energy market, while the powerful inertia will often easily lead to the top back flip.
three morphological analysis. MACD indicators are trend, most of the traditional form of analysis are also based on trends in the theory of phase-summed up, therefore the principle point of view from a greater commonality between the two, It also determines the end of the back flip MACD can also be used to analyze the general form of theory, such as head and shoulders bottom, double bottom, three at the end, Circular Base, platform tie at the end so that such a measure commonly used in speciation rate, the resistance or support bit and other evaluation theory is also applicable, use the top of the back flip is opposite. If the broader market have rebounded this year one of the reasons is that MACD was formed just last year, triple since the end of August.
MACD hunters back relaxation method (c): Find the end of playing back the largest increase relaxation!
back flip theory is of concern, is its predictable in advance of the possibility of reversal. from the nature of meaning, the back flip that extraordinary movement of stock price, and return to normal level of natural movement is the reverse principle of the power generated by internal causes, once the inversion strength enough to counter the existing trends in the accumulation of power, the reverse immediately generated. So, back flip in the size of energy reserves is reversed the reversal market potential of the most critical factor!
in the stock market, the kinetic energy is the most direct representation of the magnitude and volume together! rebound in the next volume is difficult to predict in advance, so the end of the back flip to determine the potential rebound more important relaxation process is dependent on the amplitude of the back the size! general, should actively look for the biggest pieces of the end of playing back relaxation, namely: in the stock price declines after the origin of produce back flip, because stock prices have stabilized or rebounded leaving target disk rebounded sharply, but then fell sharply and reached a new low price to continue when the index back to the starting level again, playing pieces to form a large back flip form! because large pieces of index like playing resilient spring, back flip at a time when suppressed, but once the abolition of repression, its natural elasticity to the outbreak of a good! the same time, moving the spring when the first bomb does not need to be able to natural completion of the auxiliary force, so the back end of such rally after the early stage of relaxation is often reduced volume expansion! but to a relatively high level and then heavy volume, has been a sell-off that occurs, the spring campaign by the opposing forces of repression, at the top of the upcoming.
example: the broader market last August, after the origin of relaxation back to see the MACD, October and February of this year's decline have formed the back end of a large range of relaxation, a rebound on schedule, and the range in a more objective, but there are a large turnover in the high when the stage began to enter the top of the building.
MACD back flip bargain-hunting method (IV): the end of heavy volume bounce back flip
tie bar back end of a relatively small relaxation of the opportunities, but because of its rally appears often after considerable and worthy of attention.
this phenomenon of relaxation back characteristics are:
1. early rise in the relaxation has produced many top back, once the peak will result in formal continuous plunge in stock prices;
2. in diving after the end of the back grind process of the formation of relaxation, but the back small amplitude relaxation process, the formation of the bottom bar shape;
3. tie the end of the last paragraph of the official event of heavy volume is rebound signal, the rally continued strong large amplitude;
4. high rebound rebound once the transaction is significantly reduced at the top of the gradual emergence;
MACD back because of the nature of relaxation produced antagonistic accumulation of energy! back to tie the end of relaxation, its previous upward trend in the number of the top back flip short latent energy of many and great, even if the crash is also difficult time for the release of air power, although the bottom and therefore indicators of the origin appears back flip, but still a strong suppression of the short side, but only within a narrow range, then the back end of the long relaxation energy reserves is like a rope tied in the spring continued savings. However, once the short energy release is completed, and the energy appears for the first time put a lot of long offensive, which means the spring has been Tiaoduan Bangsheng, long power savings to make a substantial bounce spring, so the formation of a continuous rally. So , tie the end of heavy volume bounce back flip operation strategy the key is the first large heavy volume Tiaoduan Bangsheng signal the emergence of a rebound! its rebound after the transaction is in fact the energy savings long characterized the kinetic energy springs from the principle of the above we can see, in the rebound during the transaction should be reduced gradually. but once in the high turnover was significantly reduced, also shows that the basic kinetic energy release of the spring rally finished at the top of the upcoming.
example: Shenwan Shan (000,049) market in early 2001 after diving V-shaped recovery process, MACD relaxation there is a clear tie the end of heavy volume bounce back! the recent broad market falling, investors may wish to actively pay attention to the bottom bar back flip down the stock to make the rally!
MACD back bargain-hunting law relaxation (e): MACD combination of wave theory hunters!
MACD indicators and trends in the wave theory is well-known class of theoretical tools, the same nature is also from the principle that its use in a certain commonality, combined the use of effect is often better. from the application of wave theory for many years to see results, the effectiveness of its most valuable is that after that there will be three general wave 5 wave trend reversal! When combined with the use of hunters in the MACD is also apparent that when the MACD decline in 5 waves, indicating the index rebounded to come, quite obviously involved in the signal.
from the trend point of view, such a case the wave-type features MACD are:
1, fell to rebound from a wave of open 2 waves were decreased until the formation of the two high points, combined with the prevailing share prices up or go flat, has become the top back of the typical relaxation;
2, 3 to 5 waves down waves are released on, but once formed 5 waves , short-term intervention signal has been issued.
3, in the relatively long time-sharing plans, such as 15 minutes or more, especially in the trading day the use of lunch, may be of shorter length, as do several transactions within a very short-term good tool.
general, MACD hunters in a continuous wave theory combined with callback-type finishing better use of results. such as Shaanxi Jinye short-term pullback in early September in the 15-minute MACD significant decrease appeared 5 waves crashed into the sky after the rebound. and the current figure is 30 minutes of the broader market fell 3 wave type, and with the early formation of large low back flip, so once the 5 wave decline (around about 1540) is complete, then rally appears highly likely! specific to the plate on, ST class most of the stocks also have this characteristic trend, investors may wish to focus upon oversold.
MACD hunters back relaxation method (f): relax the back trap
any technical tool has its unique advantages of the place, but the advantage is sometimes easy to translate into defects, which often become the dealer lie to create a trap line starting point!
MACD back flip in the application although the success rate high, but there are also potential traps back flip. The main features: a continuous fall in the back of the end of relaxation after the formation of the origin, the index began to form a bottom oblique back flip, but the price has not been rebound, but flat or even grind plate, and the rise in the index plate has continued downward pressure after the break bit, flip the back end of the trap show! is worth noting that, back purge the trap again after the end of the back high-level indicators of relaxation, which often appears at the bottom is the real. The most obvious example is the August to September last year, the broader market slump in the market after a rebound in stabilizing the voice, the index still sliding plate and the MACD indicators also started its own run, but in the end is to continue to fall again this year the high-level indicators of the end of the back flip, the medium-term it is really the bottom! Similarly, stock prices, after soaring in a row can easily flip back the top of a similar trap.
study of its principles, mainly the energy level and the indicators reflect the proportion of the relevant degree of difficult. MACD main characteristics is that strong run sex, but just exposed their deficiencies in the market rises and falls, that its reserves of energy in such a market can not rely on one-off back flip on the release is completed, then the back multiple times to form a higher level of relaxation or relaxation back only after The real turning points are given the signal. In view of this, investors in the stock price soaring at the same time a continuous fall MACD big breakthrough in the occasion of the opening is still not suitable for immediate application of the general principle of the back flip reverse operation, it is best to wait there many times low back flip and back flip back the formation of high-level, and then hands-only high security!
six, the market away from the trading signals issued
MACD is mainly used for medium to long term trend up or down trend to judge. When the stock or index in the disk Council fluctuation is not apparent, MACD trading signal sent is not very clear, when the share price fluctuated up and down in a short time, because of MACD moving very slowly, so it will not immediately change in stock price generate trading signals. reality the most used is the use of its departure from the broader market trading signals issued, on the broader market to judge the future trend. However, MACD did not hit a new high, the opposite occurred secondary down Sicha, there has been departure from the top The market once again issued a sell signal. According to the application of the principle of MACD, a secondary high down Sicha, then will have a wave of large losses. aside fundamentals do not say that if the sale of this important the signal is also ignored, then the market will be left to your endless pain and suffering of the.
seven, you can make money with the MACD MACD
tape daily and weekly MACD is less than 0 J-KDJ! 2-3 times per year, shipped in daily MACD Sicha! MACD hunters back relaxation method (VI): back flip trap, any technology tool has its unique advantages of the place, but the advantage is sometimes easy to translate into defects, and This is often also become a trap of making cheat line manufacturing starting point! MACD back flip in the application although the success rate is relatively high, but there are also potential traps back flip. The main features: a continuous fall in the relaxation after the formation of the back end of the reference point, indicators began to form a bottom oblique back flip, but the price has not been rebound, but flat or even grind plate, and the pressure rise in the indicator panel bit has continued to break down, flip the back end of the trap show! is worth noting that, back flip indicator of the trap again after the end of the high-level back flip, which often appears at the bottom is the real. Similarly, after the stock soared in a row can easily flip back the top of a similar trap. study the principles, the main ...
(2) when the stock price through a rose, sought after by many small and medium investors , the main force to be distributed, then there 5, 10, the average price line, 5, 10, while average daily volume of line and MACD Sicha, is the best time to sell, then if a little hesitation, the share price will blew out. If the fruit industry 0722, for March 9, 2000 three Sicha there is a strong sell signal, and then started a stock crash in just two months, fell to 13.46 yuan from the 27.17 yuan, alarming decline. main fled, the following from that is a continuous 阴跌.
(3) parameters fast EMA12, slow EMA26
use: MACD meteoric rise with the price increase, that white line across the Yellow River line (Do not buy the first), then with the stock down, DIF (white line) to the MACD (yellow line) to move closer, when the white line and yellow line bonding time (not to turn green turn green), only this time with Japanese K line can, when the K line has stabilized at this time signals, such as: income Yang, Cross Star and so on. (Note that in the forthcoming white and yellow glue will begin when the draining imports, observed power seller), if this time can only or called International 99 May 18 and June 4 0542TCL Communications 18, 2000, 1, etc. The list goes on.
the other hand, when the stock price highs, MACD turned green, bounced again, this time when the DIF (white line) and MACD (yellow line) when bonding [to red is not red] If blocked, such as income Yin, Cross magnitude, there may be Many people think that to resume its rally this time, the best selling points in other people tend to buy quilt them. are free to cite a few examples .0796 Po business August 17, 2000. 600 720 Qilian 98 November 24 98 600 823 Vientiane Group In 10 29, Nov. 9, Dec. 3.
operation Note:
A. divergence breakdown or a breakthrough when it ignored the previous high (low) bit high as long as a roof B. divergence may generally sell, do not fight to re-meteoric rise, unless the sun or the daily limit.
C. The short-term trading point for the search for means of wonders, short-term rate of more than 15%, but the middle and form the trend to combine long-term other.
(4) appears in many users, the average system parameters (number of days) is set to 5 days, 10 days, 20 days or 30 days is a common set method, but personally think that at this stage in the Chinese stock market , 55 days, 120 days, 250 day moving average number of days is the ideal setting, it may be said: the number of days short-term moving average system can only provide the user with some modest profit, but for our long-term average system was able to find a big black horse, generate huge profits, and when prices fall, these three averages often provide us with a bargain time to buy or sell into rallies.
doubled from a number of stock prices is easy to see the trend of large Ushimata , breaking the long-term moving average on the file that is 55 days, 120 days and 250 days moving average is necessary for the formation of large bull market conditions, although the average share price over the long term stocks will not necessarily sharp rise, but there have been a substantial rise in stock price rose substantially in both the long-term average after the break. Once the long term moving average was ordered, and began to diverge, then stock prices will rise out of a continuous market shocks.
more than we Haimei Lin (600,073) as an example to analyze: the share price since mid-October 1999, after moving average fell to 250 days moving average support and stabilized by the then market bottoming out, early in December exceeded the pressure on the file Bannian average, indicating a wave rally is brewing, December 30 share price fell back to 120 days moving average at stabilized, and again up, entered the stage dramatically rose; subsequent stock price formation in the February 17 finished lower, to the next file not stabilized at 55 days moving average fell to 120 days average stabilized, then rebounded, but the file was blocked in the last 55 days moving average, the rally ended. June 15 this year, below the 120-day moving average price, followed by the formation of the moving average of stock prices was the pressure, 29 June two MA issued Sicha, indicating stock will likely late day moving average at closer to 250.
average in three, 55-day moving average is generally short-, medium-long-short line strength. In general, the process of the rise below effective 55 days moving average indicates the arrival of an interim adjustment, the 120 day moving average is the long-term strength of long and short boundaries, in general, the stock fell to 120 days moving average or the current increased to 120 days moving average usually arise after the transfer head (stage formation of the high points and low), 250 day moving average is the original trend line, only when the 250 days moving average up or down to the more obvious changes, the only representative of trends is completely weakened or strengthened.
Moving Average smoothing differences
Moving Average Convergence and Divergence
moving average smoothing differences, referred to as MACD, is the recently created United States of technical analysis tools. MACD absorbed the advantages of moving average. using moving averages to determine trading opportunity, when the trend is clearly very effective, but if the leather hit the stock market correction, the signals often not accurate.
moving average based on principles developed by the MACD, one to overcome the moving average frequent false signal defects, and secondly, to ensure the greatest victories moving average.
method:
MACD is calculated two different speeds (long-term and medium term) of the exponential smoothing moving average (EMA) from the difference market conditions as the basis for judgments.
1, were calculated first at the closing price of exponential smoothing SHORT AND LONG day moving average exponential smoothing moving average, denoted by EMA (SHORT) and EMA (LONG).
2, find the two exponential smoothing moving average of the difference, that is:
DIFF = EMA (SHORT)-EMA (LONG)
3, then calculate the MID DIFF day exponential smoothing moving average, denoted DEA .
4, last, DIFF by DEA, have MACD.MACD usually drawn as fluctuations around the zero axis of the column.
in the drawn graph, DIFF pace with the DEA to form a two moving average, buy also decided to enter a sell signal at the intersection of these two lines. Obviously, MACD is a technical tool for long-term investment trends. By default, the system draws the map in
Vice SHORT = 12, LONG = 26 , MID = 9 when the DIFF line, DEA Line, MACD line (column line).
application rules:
1, DIFF and the DEA are all positive, that is, above all in the zero axis, the general trend is a bull market , DIFF break up the DEA, can be bought.
2, DIFF are negative with the DEA, which are below the zero axis, the general trend is a bear market, DIFF DEA can be used to sell down below.
3, When the DEA trend line and K line reversal signal occurs when departure.
4, DEA Office in the disk, the error rate is higher, but if with the RSI and KD, can be appropriate to cover the deficiency.
5, of MACD Column from positive to negative, often direct the sale, on the contrary tend to buy signal.
MACD combat tactics
a, There are four types can predict the form of skyrocketing. So, technical indicators are the indicators did not predict surge? answer is yes. The first is green column, DIF index, DEA indicators. which, when DIF, DEA indicators in the O-axis below, if the short term (8 or 13 trading days) occurred two consecutive Jin Cha, Jin Cha in the second occurred when the boom may occur.
use Low DIFF Jin Cha ; MACD MACD low day and moderate to heavy volume, significantly increased the reliability of integrated judged. that is: MACD practical application stock picking
investment in the stock market, MACD indicators of technical analysis as a means of understanding by investors. But how to use the MACD indicator, can the state achieve the best return on investment, it is wise minimal. Technical analysis as an investment in stock market analysis tools, has two functions. The first is that stock market investment opportunities and, secondly, to protect the investment income from stock market losses. in the stock market operations, MACD indicators in the protection of investment those interests, far more than it found the effectiveness of investment opportunities, MACD indicators as a means of long-term analysis, it generates a cross-signal lags behind on the short-term trading. MACD indicators are trend indicators of trends in class, which consists of long-term moving average MACD, the short term MA DIF, red energy column (long), green energy column (short), 0 axis (long and short line) of five parts. It is the use of short-term and long-term moving average MACD moving average crossing DIF as a signal. MACD indicator signals generated by cross- relatively slow, but as a trading strategy to develop the appropriate use of better, the specific use is as follows:
1 when the DIF, MACD two values at 0 axis side, indicating the trend in a bull market, investors should be holding the main strategy. If the DIF generated from the bottom up and the MACD cross, does not represent a buy signal, at which point the market trend has been the high point of a short-term, it should be buy low, sell high strategy of throwing. In general, the Cross signaling, or the day after the third day, there will be a pullback low at the moment to re-bid, cost-sharing to achieve the purpose. If the DIF down from the cross on the MACD, indicating that the band has been rising prices end, usually cross-signals in the market after the election, a wave decent rebound, has confirmed the formation of short-term top, when investors can take the opportunity to open out. in the wake of adjustment, the use of Stochastic KDJ, strong or weak KSI target and then wait for an opportunity involved, share * for the low cost. If the DIF second from the bottom up and MACD cross, indicating that efforts will produce a larger wave of rising prices, the cross signal generation, investors should be holding all the way, DIF again until the MACD cross down from the previous time, and then all of the stock clearance to be carrying a purse home to rest. As the stock market is very dynamic, MACD indicators often with the K line was deviated from the trend charts, usually known as the bear away from. both K line charts the recent hit second or third high point, MACD indicators do not match a corresponding high point, but the opposite trend, gradually reduce the vertex. views kinds of phenomena should be caused by the vigilance of investors, because it indicates that the next market crash will produce, so investors should adopt a strategy to leave clearance to make their own stock to avoid the quilt, to avoid the loss of funds.
2 when both DIF and MACD 0 axis at the bottom of the index, indicating the current trend is bear market, investors holding money as the main strategy should be. If DIF down from the cross on the MACD, it will have an adjustment low. In general, after wave generated by the rally, which is a very good open opportunities for investors. In China the stock market, there is no established mechanism for the air, so the stock market enters a bear market, investors, the best strategy is to stay on the sidelines. depreciation in the stock investors can also be added to the hands of the capital. If DIF MACD crossover from the bottom up, it will produce a high point recently, investors should be decisive positions. This signal generation, generally rebound nature of the majority. in the bear market, every rebound should be seen as the best opportunity to ship. In particular, attention is needed, if the DIF cross down on the second time by the MACD, the herald wave of the future will be greater decline in market produce. investors should cross signal generation, the firm clearing out. usually produced this fall, is the wave theory of wave C decline was the most lethal fall wave. only escaped the C wave down , we can say that really made money in the stock market. In the bear market after a C wave down after Occasionally MACD chart indicators and K Line have deviated from the phenomenon, usually called the cattle away from. both the K line charts appear the first Second or third recent low, MACD indicators have no corresponding low, there was a higher than a bottom end of the opposite trend, this phenomenon, indicates that inversion will occur in the future market trends, investment who should be actively involved, because the current market there is no risk.
3 when the MACD indicator as separate systems, the short-term movements can be judged reference to DIF. If the DIF fell below the O-axis on the down trend can be seen as possible into bear market, indicating that the general trend will be weak, should arouse the vigilance of investors. in the bear market, investors bear the risks outweigh the benefits. If the MACD fell from the air on the O axis to confirm the bear market trend. Investors sitting on the sidelines of the strategy should be adopted in order to avoid market risk, so that the bull market are guaranteed to earn a profit. If DIF across the O-axis from the bottom up, the cloth can be seen as possible into the bull market trend. indicates that the general trend will be strengthened, the operation should be part of the funds involved. If the MACD from bottom to confirm the general trend across the O-axis into the bull market. investors can stake a bold, positive intervention. in a bull market, gains higher than the risk.
4 in MACD indicators, the red columns and green energy column of energy, representing the strength of long and short rise and fall of energy. their response to the market than the short-term moving average in the time ahead of DIF. In MACD indicators, the energy released into the process is a sequential process asymptotically, usually was gradually enlarged. The pursuit of philosophy in the East, Figure to come, when the K line charts the rise almost 90 degrees, combined with the rapid amplification red column of energy, the general trend indicates that the top of almost. especially the adjacent two contiguous red energy generated when the column, the outbreak of market will be more rapid. On the contrary, in the bear market, this phenomenon is also true. in a familiar way of this operation, after investors fled to the roof and the hunters will be highly beneficial.
5 in the process of using the MACD indicator, Two things to note, first, MACD indicators for short-term top and bottom of the judged, not necessarily credible, only the combination of rate and static in the medium-term deviation from the ADR index, it can be determined. Second, the MACD line by week Index of indicators than the daily MACD line effect.
In short, when using the MACD indicator to determine the properties of the market. that the current market is a bull market or bear market. According to different market attributes to different operating strategies to avoid the risk and protect profits. the specific operation, MACD's golden cross is an important time to buy stocks generally. First, analysis of its key points, when the DIF and the MACD two lines below the 0 axis and the far downstream by the converted to go flat, and the DIF on the fast lane through the formation of the MACD MACD slow line is a better short-term buying opportunity, but must pay attention to DIF and the MACD to judge the distance from the 0 axis mainly based on history as a reference. and in 0 axis above the MACD is not too far away from the 0 axis, otherwise the reliability will be greatly reduced. more inclined to both the red bars in the red sea contiguous area in the 0 axis side cross MACD formed a positive DIF Jin Cha, which line reliability is good. This will also meet the strong market opportunities, weak stock market, the truth is difficult to make money.
Third, utilize and 30 day moving average with up to find the bottom of the approach, the vast majority of invalid signal can be removed, leaving the most honest and pure buy signal. the use of rules: MACD indicator line in the DIF 0 Jin Cha-axis after the following line with the MACD did not rise to above the 0 axis, but soon with the MACD line Sicha, this time when investors can wait the two lines re-Jin Cha, Jin Cha again if the two lines (in the 0 axis below) before and after an average of 30 days line also Guaitou uplink, which suggests that the bottom and build successful, the possibility of a wave of higher prices.
four, MACD divergence relaxation of deep exploration
MACD back bargain-hunting method (a): Basic elements of Posts
MACD indicator is the trend of the most famous indicator of the stability of its main features, such indicators, but the degree of short-sensitive features in terms of course there are disadvantages too slow, but it is so, it can determine a longer period, the data given a larger number of market trends point to a relatively secure. If so, will the weekly MACD is shown in a relatively long time-more than 15 minutes, especially in the trading day the use of lunch, may be of shorter length, into several short-term trading of doing an excellent tool. It should be noted that in the current stock trading system, many parameters quickly get 12, many parameters to take 26 slow, because China's stock market in the early of the week 6 day, an average of 26 trading days in January and so inherited, investors can be changed to 10 and 22. but the basic difference is not so, then did not pay attention and have been followed so far. indicators deviated from the principle is the use of the MACD the essence, but also the accuracy of this indicator is high. which is subdivided into top and bottom back flip back flip. Its basic elements are as follows:
1, the formation of the back relaxation principle: the air is often more than one run in the market there appeared after a longer period (the image on the cross is the DIF and the DEA, after the opening was nearly parallel to the same period of time to run), because it represents the strength of a strong party, in which case they often go too far, this asymmetry in stock prices and indexes to form a back flip! as the broader market early last November to double the process to the top of the back there is a clear relaxation.
2, flip back the origin of values is very important, stressed the need to have a significant high (low) points of! attention to the same rising (falling) trend in the values and the highest (low) points after running for some (usually the last paragraph in the fall, a third wave of stock and index low) after appears origin;
3, the principle of continuity. Note: 1, you must re-apply under the right price index; 2, suspension indicators movement stage failure; 3, price limits indicator failure. back flip is a process of energy accumulation, only shock Transactions can be beneficial to the energy accumulation and conversion! Therefore, suspension failure during the MACD indicator is easy! way to form a view, only to price shocks own run (down) on the back and form the sub-relaxation has a high top (bottom) signals, the kind of indicators surge (down) after the formation of relaxation is often bounce back (callback) market. because the only way to gradually shock is the energy released in full to complete the set top (bottom) of, but that rebellion while filling the market one way to expand the play range, there will be at least several times after its relaxation back to the real reversal.
MACD hunters back relaxation method (b): the end of the three recurrent
back flip one Shibuguosan. during a slump in market , after the end of consecutive low back flip 2 back flip in sequence, the base can be determined down market is the end. but at this time often due to the tenacious strength of the downward short holiday break, with its breakthrough indicators, although there relaxation may be punctured at the bottom of the first two back, that did not form the first two back the relative relaxation, but its origin and the original back flip back flip is still forming, and is the third back flip, but can be a bold backhand operation Operating hunters. reversal after three back market rate of relaxation are often large and safe, which requires continuous large number of the late surge in support. ST segment recent stocks fell during the 60 minutes figure to form a clear relaxation of the three back , which also supports the expansion of its rally.
two symmetry principle. in the stock market, the symmetry principle of the existence of very broad, MACD back relaxation is no exception. In general, there are many, especially the end of the back flip back relaxation after the market peaked mostly stock transaction, or the top end of the back flip. because the back end of the concentration, the energy relaxation, after the commencement of the rally prone to revenge repressed energy market, while the powerful inertia will often easily lead to the top back flip.
three morphological analysis. MACD indicators are trend, most of the traditional form of analysis are also based on trends in the theory of phase-summed up, therefore the principle point of view from a greater commonality between the two, It also determines the end of the back flip MACD can also be used to analyze the general form of theory, such as head and shoulders bottom, double bottom, three at the end, Circular Base, platform tie at the end so that such a measure commonly used in speciation rate, the resistance or support bit and other evaluation theory is also applicable, use the top of the back flip is opposite. If the broader market have rebounded this year one of the reasons is that MACD was formed just last year, triple since the end of August.
MACD hunters back relaxation method (c): Find the end of playing back the largest increase relaxation!
back flip theory is of concern, is its predictable in advance of the possibility of reversal. from the nature of meaning, the back flip that extraordinary movement of stock price, and return to normal level of natural movement is the reverse principle of the power generated by internal causes, once the inversion strength enough to counter the existing trends in the accumulation of power, the reverse immediately generated. So, back flip in the size of energy reserves is reversed the reversal market potential of the most critical factor!
in the stock market, the kinetic energy is the most direct representation of the magnitude and volume together! rebound in the next volume is difficult to predict in advance, so the end of the back flip to determine the potential rebound more important relaxation process is dependent on the amplitude of the back the size! general, should actively look for the biggest pieces of the end of playing back relaxation, namely: in the stock price declines after the origin of produce back flip, because stock prices have stabilized or rebounded leaving target disk rebounded sharply, but then fell sharply and reached a new low price to continue when the index back to the starting level again, playing pieces to form a large back flip form! because large pieces of index like playing resilient spring, back flip at a time when suppressed, but once the abolition of repression, its natural elasticity to the outbreak of a good! the same time, moving the spring when the first bomb does not need to be able to natural completion of the auxiliary force, so the back end of such rally after the early stage of relaxation is often reduced volume expansion! but to a relatively high level and then heavy volume, has been a sell-off that occurs, the spring campaign by the opposing forces of repression, at the top of the upcoming.
example: the broader market last August, after the origin of relaxation back to see the MACD, October and February of this year's decline have formed the back end of a large range of relaxation, a rebound on schedule, and the range in a more objective, but there are a large turnover in the high when the stage began to enter the top of the building.
MACD back flip bargain-hunting method (IV): the end of heavy volume bounce back flip
tie bar back end of a relatively small relaxation of the opportunities, but because of its rally appears often after considerable and worthy of attention.
this phenomenon of relaxation back characteristics are:
1. early rise in the relaxation has produced many top back, once the peak will result in formal continuous plunge in stock prices;
2. in diving after the end of the back grind process of the formation of relaxation, but the back small amplitude relaxation process, the formation of the bottom bar shape;
3. tie the end of the last paragraph of the official event of heavy volume is rebound signal, the rally continued strong large amplitude;
4. high rebound rebound once the transaction is significantly reduced at the top of the gradual emergence;
MACD back because of the nature of relaxation produced antagonistic accumulation of energy! back to tie the end of relaxation, its previous upward trend in the number of the top back flip short latent energy of many and great, even if the crash is also difficult time for the release of air power, although the bottom and therefore indicators of the origin appears back flip, but still a strong suppression of the short side, but only within a narrow range, then the back end of the long relaxation energy reserves is like a rope tied in the spring continued savings. However, once the short energy release is completed, and the energy appears for the first time put a lot of long offensive, which means the spring has been Tiaoduan Bangsheng, long power savings to make a substantial bounce spring, so the formation of a continuous rally. So , tie the end of heavy volume bounce back flip operation strategy the key is the first large heavy volume Tiaoduan Bangsheng signal the emergence of a rebound! its rebound after the transaction is in fact the energy savings long characterized the kinetic energy springs from the principle of the above we can see, in the rebound during the transaction should be reduced gradually. but once in the high turnover was significantly reduced, also shows that the basic kinetic energy release of the spring rally finished at the top of the upcoming.
example: Shenwan Shan (000,049) market in early 2001 after diving V-shaped recovery process, MACD relaxation there is a clear tie the end of heavy volume bounce back! the recent broad market falling, investors may wish to actively pay attention to the bottom bar back flip down the stock to make the rally!
MACD back bargain-hunting law relaxation (e): MACD combination of wave theory hunters!
MACD indicators and trends in the wave theory is well-known class of theoretical tools, the same nature is also from the principle that its use in a certain commonality, combined the use of effect is often better. from the application of wave theory for many years to see results, the effectiveness of its most valuable is that after that there will be three general wave 5 wave trend reversal! When combined with the use of hunters in the MACD is also apparent that when the MACD decline in 5 waves, indicating the index rebounded to come, quite obviously involved in the signal.
from the trend point of view, such a case the wave-type features MACD are:
1, fell to rebound from a wave of open 2 waves were decreased until the formation of the two high points, combined with the prevailing share prices up or go flat, has become the top back of the typical relaxation;
2, 3 to 5 waves down waves are released on, but once formed 5 waves , short-term intervention signal has been issued.
3, in the relatively long time-sharing plans, such as 15 minutes or more, especially in the trading day the use of lunch, may be of shorter length, as do several transactions within a very short-term good tool.
general, MACD hunters in a continuous wave theory combined with callback-type finishing better use of results. such as Shaanxi Jinye short-term pullback in early September in the 15-minute MACD significant decrease appeared 5 waves crashed into the sky after the rebound. and the current figure is 30 minutes of the broader market fell 3 wave type, and with the early formation of large low back flip, so once the 5 wave decline (around about 1540) is complete, then rally appears highly likely! specific to the plate on, ST class most of the stocks also have this characteristic trend, investors may wish to focus upon oversold.
MACD hunters back relaxation method (f): relax the back trap
any technical tool has its unique advantages of the place, but the advantage is sometimes easy to translate into defects, which often become the dealer lie to create a trap line starting point!
MACD back flip in the application although the success rate high, but there are also potential traps back flip. The main features: a continuous fall in the back of the end of relaxation after the formation of the origin, the index began to form a bottom oblique back flip, but the price has not been rebound, but flat or even grind plate, and the rise in the index plate has continued downward pressure after the break bit, flip the back end of the trap show! is worth noting that, back purge the trap again after the end of the back high-level indicators of relaxation, which often appears at the bottom is the real. The most obvious example is the August to September last year, the broader market slump in the market after a rebound in stabilizing the voice, the index still sliding plate and the MACD indicators also started its own run, but in the end is to continue to fall again this year the high-level indicators of the end of the back flip, the medium-term it is really the bottom! Similarly, stock prices, after soaring in a row can easily flip back the top of a similar trap.
study of its principles, mainly the energy level and the indicators reflect the proportion of the relevant degree of difficult. MACD main characteristics is that strong run sex, but just exposed their deficiencies in the market rises and falls, that its reserves of energy in such a market can not rely on one-off back flip on the release is completed, then the back multiple times to form a higher level of relaxation or relaxation back only after The real turning points are given the signal. In view of this, investors in the stock price soaring at the same time a continuous fall MACD big breakthrough in the occasion of the opening is still not suitable for immediate application of the general principle of the back flip reverse operation, it is best to wait there many times low back flip and back flip back the formation of high-level, and then hands-only high security!
six, the market away from the trading signals issued
MACD is mainly used for medium to long term trend up or down trend to judge. When the stock or index in the disk Council fluctuation is not apparent, MACD trading signal sent is not very clear, when the share price fluctuated up and down in a short time, because of MACD moving very slowly, so it will not immediately change in stock price generate trading signals. reality the most used is the use of its departure from the broader market trading signals issued, on the broader market to judge the future trend. However, MACD did not hit a new high, the opposite occurred secondary down Sicha, there has been departure from the top The market once again issued a sell signal. According to the application of the principle of MACD, a secondary high down Sicha, then will have a wave of large losses. aside fundamentals do not say that if the sale of this important the signal is also ignored, then the market will be left to your endless pain and suffering of the.
seven, you can make money with the MACD MACD
tape daily and weekly MACD is less than 0 J-KDJ! 2-3 times per year, shipped in daily MACD Sicha! MACD hunters back relaxation method (VI): back flip trap, any technology tool has its unique advantages of the place, but the advantage is sometimes easy to translate into defects, and This is often also become a trap of making cheat line manufacturing starting point! MACD back flip in the application although the success rate is relatively high, but there are also potential traps back flip. The main features: a continuous fall in the relaxation after the formation of the back end of the reference point, indicators began to form a bottom oblique back flip, but the price has not been rebound, but flat or even grind plate, and the pressure rise in the indicator panel bit has continued to break down, flip the back end of the trap show! is worth noting that, back flip indicator of the trap again after the end of the high-level back flip, which often appears at the bottom is the real. Similarly, after the stock soared in a row can easily flip back the top of a similar trap. study the principles, the main ...
Wednesday, March 2, 2011
Take seriously the Constitution - of the necessity and feasibility of constitutional review (2)
Third, the French Constitution, , and developed a world-famous and still valid France's discrimination, rule of law, the presumption of innocence, freedom of speech and religious freedom, property rights and the confiscation of just compensation, all these, supported by the strong. In contrast, the top ten U.S. Constitution (in fact, related to only the top eight) the amendment has seemed a bit Moreover, 1833's century, the Federal Supreme Court adopted the controversial labor a bit far-fetched, it has been perfect in the beginning was not amended, nor any applicable legal restrictions and other technical objects mm if a particular right is which the government violated it!
but, and Although blessed with a perfect the law is unconstitutional yet to be perfect, but after all this 200 years to the average American to provide some protection. 34 The reason is not hard to find: the Fifth Republic in 1958 before the French had no substantive constitutional review system, which , so that the .1971 respect of the ;.
1.
the French Revolution and its historical heritage from 1789 to 1958 or 1971, the constitutional government in France is long and difficult. This, of course, and the historical background of the French Revolution has a lot. If Marbury's logic correctly, the key to constitutional judicial review, because the French judiciary and the , while after the revolution because they need the rule of law back to its original position after another, but to control the power of the keys on their hands is unthinkable. In fact, not to mention the constitutional review, even if the judicial review of administrative also in the Revolution nearly a century later it was finally established. 37 for a long period of time, even the highest court's decision is subject to the people of the National Assembly of the . functions. Until now, the shadow of the Great Revolution in France, judicial decisions, the court brief in the still faintly visible. French control of the constitutionality of legislation and administrative legitimacy of the institutions have never been called the Court (Cour), but the nature of the number of Some of the mysterious is not accidental, but has a more profound theoretical basis. subject to the democratic contract theory of Rousseau, the French Revolution from the start of a majority of very pure revolution, in which exploitation and oppression by the large number of level close to the As the framework of the structure of government, which completely evaded the basic rights of citizens. publicists Mall Berg (Carre de Malberg) even declared that the Third Republic there is no law beyond the Constitution, and This more natural than the hh other words, the review of the constitutionality of laws, and resolve problems that may arise, but when the parliaments in the formulation of legal tasks. fully confirmed the destruction of democracy and judicial review will be representatives of the people and to usurp the powers of the judge's prediction. Rimbaud (Edouard Lambert) using concrete examples show that constitutional review would inhibit social progress, and make the judiciary involved in politics, thus losing its independent status and prestige. as a significant example of the United States Supreme Court had 30 years in the 20th century use of years, interventionist landslide stagnant. [the Constitution by giving the name of the court decision, judicial review] is to provide a monitoring means judges to ensure that the chain of judicial supremacy, both in each section with the resistance forces . 40
2. bid farewell to history: for the defense of constitutional review
However, disadvantages, but the cost is the loss of the French Constitution, legally binding, and therefore can not count strong support or opposition. This is caused by one of the causes of political instability in France. From the Revolution to the Second World War began, France has experienced 4 times of the republic and the dynasty, the replacement of nearly 15 mm anyway, the Constitution is not a constitutional reform in France pieces of the vital interests of the people have a major event, ordinary people did not see it too seriously.
few publicists began to realize that this is an unacceptable reality, but they are still surrounded by Rousseau's many followers, and thus They first have to clarify the relationship between the constitution and legislation, and to refute the theory of unlimited legislative power. people have a supreme power, and this power was also appointed by the Constitution on behalf of a legislative and judicial bodies. Although members are directly elected by voters, They do not have the power to go beyond the Constitution, but should be controlled by the Constitution, and any attempt to go beyond constitutional control of legislation should be rendered ineffective. constitutional scholars Aoli Wu (Maurice Hauriou) in 1929 pointed out: constitutional rules, no public authority do not have unlimited sovereignty, so that in the exercise of the powers or performing its functions from the sovereign control of hh can not control is the only country, and it is completely non-commissioned generation. all can be subject to the sovereignty of the Committee on behalf of the be controlled. restrictions imposed on the country, and thus the formation of ordinary legislators must respect its higher principles. Declaration does not create these higher principles; and solemnly declared that they recognize only the hh, in theory, any party shall be authorized at any trial Pretrial proposed constitutional claim that the claim can not be legislated against him by the court used, because it is more inconsistent written or unwritten law (French droit); which dominates the ordinary legislator hh and under the French Constitution of 1789 Constitution of the United States understanding, particularly in countries recognize the principle of decentralization should be to achieve the same result. Under this concept, legislative and judicial powers in their respective fields have the same sovereign; they are completely independent of each other, but they have a common superior - voter power. regardless of the legislative or judicial powers, can not make the conflict with voters the power to decide action. If the legislative powers of the violation of constitutional rules, then it can not join the violation of duty imposed on judicial power. in its own field, which is still is an independent sovereignty. if it is forced to violate the Constitution the legislative power, then it is no longer within the field of its own independent sovereignty, and the separation of powers principle and the principle of the supremacy of the Constitution to have been abandoned. After World War II, the French Fourth Republic was established, radical and conservative forces in fierce battles to take a compromise, limited constitutional review mechanism, the establishment of the Constitutional Council. However, the composition and functions of the point of view, it is primarily a political rather than the judiciary, and 12 years later not much as a brief history. 43 This stage can be regarded as the French system of constitutional review to the transitional stage. At that time, there are a considerable majority of government officials and scholars still oppose a constitutional School's proposal to resist the implementation of any judicial body of constitutional review. reflect the views of scholars of the French traditional theory of democracy and decentralization: the representative of the nation state, while the Parliament represents the general will of the country; Council's function is to establish on behalf of the people and interpret the Constitution, and according to its own interpretation of the Constitution to make laws, but this power should not be directly elected by the people not the judges too much intervention. in the political, constitutional review is also opposed by the majority in Congress, because it will directly limit legislative power. in 1947, power and absolute independence, but at the same time to avoid conflict and Parliament. for different reasons mm theory, history, but mainly for political reasons, we do not appreciate the concept of parliament had to make the product subject to the control of judicial power. , so its existence seems dispensable. Council authorized law enforcement agencies are often significantly exceed the broad scope of the Constitution, but never subject to any review or challenge. Of course, if Justice Marshall, then the world, all of which are insufficient in his eyes Odd, because they are accurate and verified his prophecy of 150 years ago: there is no independent constitutional review body, the constitutional separation of powers principle is not guaranteed fundamental constitutional rights of citizens depends entirely on the legislators wishes.
3. Fifth Republic and the French Constitution, theoretical foundation, the French rejected the expressed very clearly: the Fifth Republic Constitution never absolute, and every power has its limits. > Fifth Republic corrected from two specific aspects of the importantly, the Constitution specifically a constitutional government hospital in order to maintain separation of powers. In the beginning, the main purpose of the constitutional Court is to maintain the traditional separation of powers in France, and to ensure that legislation and law enforcement agencies operating within their respective powers. Despite Constitutional Court also has a political component, but after that it is basically the development of an independent and neutral judiciary. 46 in the 1971 Introduction solemnly affirmed the basic principle of House of the Speaker, but the 1974 constitutional amendment allows 60 senators or congressmen also received the same rights, so that constitutes a sufficient number of parliamentary minority has the right to challenge an Act of Parliament. While ordinary citizens are still not entitled to a constitutional complaint This reform proved significant because it makes the constitutional review of legislative institutions rapid increase in the number and reasons for challenging more and more based on the fundamental rights of citizens. 48 Since then, the Constitutional Court on the constitutional separation of powers and basic rights to develop a wealth of case law, so that the constitution was the government's implementation of universal respect for citizens. Constitutional Court can also develop as a comparable to the U.S. Supreme Court, Constitutional Court. and, like the United States Constitution in 1788, 1958 years, also received the French Constitution, by the ordinary courts review the implementation of the decentralized model, but according to Kelsen's theory governed by specialized courts focus on the review model. 49 and and all of these countries, France, strictly speaking, the legislative mm only the mm of the review is limited to specific officials brought by the prior review; Constitutional Court not competent to examine the bill in force, and the constitutional right of appeal filed has not been able to type, the purpose of constitutional review are the same, that is, review the constitutionality of legislation. It can be said for this purpose, France's unique mode of constitutional review is more effective than even the United States. Almost all the important or controversial Act of Parliament After all Constitutional Court before the commencement of the review, and the bill was withdrawn more than half of the author; 50 In contrast, from the New Deal, the United States federal law by the Supreme Court rarely withdrawn. In this sense, France has been completely entered the part of resolving the contradiction between democracy and constitutionalism. French Constitution allows the legislature only by super-majority of programs will be able to amend the Constitution so as to effectively prevent the Constitutional Court to override the will of representatives of the people on their own anti-democratic tendencies. 51 This is indeed in 1993 occurred: Constitutional Court decisions in terms of new immigration laws in violation of several constitutional preamble 1946, after both houses of parliament to 52 3 / 5 super majority of successful constitutional amendment expressly permitted by the immigration laws, which override the constitutional Court's constitutional explanation. Finally, and most directly, the French Constitution fully reflects the frequency of constitutional elected body role: in the Mitterrand (Mitterrand) president during the last 18 months, the French once adopted three amendments; In Chirac (Chirac) as the president of 9 months, Parliament has adopted two amendments to the Constitution. 53 The problem is not the constitution in France and even the Constitutional Court has become too stable to change the real meaning of the Constitution but it seems too unstable, the legislature can always do it by constitutional amendment through the ordinary law can do.
Thus, although the French constitutionality aroused much controversy, the day has not been step down. In history, the fate of the French Constitution can be described as rough; the French government and the fierce resistance of the constitutional review, the great Revolution, constitutional government. only to 1958, the Fifth Republic was established a stable constitution, and the Constitutional Court, at least partly due to the tireless efforts of .1971, the Constitutional Court's decision to make the Constitution into the lives of ordinary people to so that the the constitutional review system established to promote the stability of the French Constitution, so far did not signs of decline.
fact, and the United States relatively more than the Federal Constitution, the constitutional history of the French Constitution does prove that the ; contribute to the stability of the Constitution. Before the Fifth Republic, French Constitutional change frequently, but in the Fifth Republic was established after the Constitutional Court before stabilizing. I believe that this phenomenon is not accidental, but a deeper level of reason. in obtaining encountered much resistance. On the contrary, when the Constitutional Court's substantive review of the system after the formation of a case, it resulted in the operation of the French system of government influence can not be ignored. especially in the 1971 , Constitutional Court's case law into the civil rights field, while the reform was to make the 1974 a few members can challenge a bill passed by the majority of deputies, which greatly increased the potential for legislative intervention in Constitutional Court. Once the Constitutional Court's decision is generally considered to civil rights protection is essential, if the Constitution in the before discarding it as easy as giving up the constitution mm, is the same as a waiver of the people have always enjoyed legal rights. 54 of the Constitution was the only way people could really get the respect, and forever . 55
Fourth, the feasibility of constitutional review in China
I believe that the constitutional process in France is not an isolated experience, and have universal significance, and China should learn from. First, it shows that the rule of law and constitutional review national trends. the attitude of the French constitutional review of a fundamental change in the end in itself shows the need for constitutional review. French experience also shows that the constitutional review system is established even before the fierce resistance in a country are also possible. Bell, Professor said:
period of time to reach a new constitutional consensus. for the protection of fundamental rights from the law constitutional review was first introduced, to get firmly established the process and political acceptance, only less than 15 years here. This process occurs gradually and is indeed cautious, so if there is too much criticism, withdrawal of the constitutional court can in a timely manner. Perhaps this progressive way to help convince the proposal in 1958 when the opponents, and this also proved to avoid the traditional breaking of a sudden and significant advantage. ;
Therefore, if in practice the measures taken to secure the constitutional review system is fully established. In this paper, a theoretical solution to this major problem: As the People's Congress of China adopted (hereinafter , and the constitutional review system is incompatible with the Constitution? This is a top priority, and if not resolved, further discussion can not be carried out. Once the Constitution is a potential conflicts immediately apparent, and this is a constitutional state must address any underlying problems. This question is particularly sensitive because I believe that the review body must have a high degree of independence mm if not independent, how can guarantee it to the National People's Congress legislation effective supervision? After all, according to general principles of the rule of law, constitutionality) of the judges, constitutional review also failed to produce any practical effect. However, if the review body is independent, how to deal with it and the relationship between the NPC and status?
I believe that the constitutional review and people's congress system does not actually exist any conflict. although if the establishment of independent constitutional review body, that body and the subtle relationship between the National People's Congress need to get proper treatment, but either the establishment of the constitutional review system does not contravene the basic principle of popular sovereignty .
1.
constitutional review and the sovereignty of the people must first be noted that in modern democratic countries, all of the national sovereignty are ultimately from the people, 56 and not any state agency. as the supreme source of power, the people can put their a representative body to grant sovereignty mm, such as a National People's Congress, it can also be granted to other institutions mm, such as President, the President, the Prime Minister or a judge. According to the principles of democracy, instead of the people exercise state sovereignty in general is directly elected by the people, such as Parliament and the institutions mm President, for the people through the democratic electoral process can master these powers of the officials on the most direct political control, forcing them to ultimately responsible to the people. But this is not an absolute principle. For example, under the Federal Constitution, the exercise of constitutional rights are Congress, the supreme body of 3 mm, the president and the Supreme Court. can be said that the three federal agencies exercised sovereignty. 57 in Germany and France, the supreme power as an institution for the few and not shared. Therefore, as a general phenomenon, the adoption of federalism and separation of powers in the country, often on behalf of national sovereignty is not limited to representative bodies, and representative institutions in the strict sense is not the highest authority. In fact, as the supreme power is dispersed in several between the highest body to talk about are two concepts of national institutions; in logic, the uniqueness of people's sovereignty can not necessarily deduce the uniqueness of such national institutions.
1982, China enacted the provisions of Article II of the Constitution: people. the people exercise state power through the National People's Congress and Local People's Congress. is assumed to be correct, but the NPC is the main form of exercise of sovereignty over the development of relevant laws or local regulations (hereinafter collectively referred to as ; usurped the exercise of ; at least in theory, it is divisible, and the different government agencies to share the different forms on different aspects of national sovereignty. is not necessary that the legislature represents the sovereignty of all this is just the traditional dogma mm only, and in 20 century has begun to become obsolete later. One example of the French Fifth Republic constitution, parliament and even lost the monopoly of legislative power. Therefore, the constitutional review of the legislative review body can not be considered to be the inevitable violation of people's congress power, because the latter's sovereignty is secondary or even may be limited; if people are to the constitutional mandate, the constitutionality of the constitutional review body may limit the legislative powers of the NPC, and the constitutional system and that this is not necessarily contradictory.
Second, even if people think that the NPC received full sovereignty, constitutional review also does not mean that the NPC's , amendment to the constitution by the NPC Standing Committee or 1 / 5 or more deputies proposed by the National People's Congress clear meaning, but sometimes too broad constitutional provisions or legislative meaning is vague, and thus to review the agency's explained, it can be modified by express constitutional or legislative provisions, leaving more specific to overturn an erroneous interpretation of the review body. for ordinary legislation, which in fact is the parliament of Western countries often take the means. As noted above, the French Parliament in recent years on successive Constitutional Court by constitutional amendment abolished the effect of the decision. Therefore, as long as Congress holds the constitutional power, then it still holds the sovereignty of the final.
Therefore, in theory, the constitutional review does not necessarily violate the representatives of sovereignty. Its main problem but that it may in fact unduly influence the exercise of legislative power, because the legislative power of constitutional review is, after all, a kind of control, and control of unconstitutional legislation could easily shift to the co- constitutional obstacles to the legislation. In fact, this is what opponents of the United States and criticism of the French Fifth Republic system. However, since the object of criticism is the real impact of constitutional review, the various states must be different considerations. the problem in the United States is primary, because in the federal legislature is not constitutional institutions. in part to protect the interests of small states, in part probably because of the characteristics of federalism itself, the federal constitution amendment process very difficult. According to the Constitution Chapter V both houses of Congress 2 / 3 majority can only be proposed constitutional amendment, any amendment can not be approved; amendment must have 3 / 4 majority of states (that is, at least 38 states) approval before taking effect mm or, if the super-majority Congress will be able to revise the constitution, then the original Constitution protect the rights of small states, it is easy to lose through the constitutional amendment. federalism result of a compromise, the U.S. Federal Constitution, so far only 27 of the amendment. However, the meaning of the Constitution in 200 years, tremendous changes have occurred. This change in the text based on the occurrence of changes in the constitutional sense, of course, is formulated by the Supreme Court case law completed. Since the Congress have no power to amend the Supreme Court interpretation of the Constitution, the Supreme Court the power of judicial review can be considered beyond the legislative power of Congress. This is what the U.S. does not have the theoretical difficulties, because Congress's institutions is probably the state's constitutional institutions mm depending on state law, state legislatures may also be a specially set up for the approval of the amendment on behalf of the General Assembly. But this is a very loose organization, and the speed and frequency of its action point of view, it does not conduct effective supervision of the Supreme Court of Justice. Therefore, the court became a no choice. pluralism in a democratic and federal, between the United States Constitution are biased in favor of the latter, thus the principles of democracy made limited concessions.
contrast, the problem states in the United States to be small enough more, because the state's constitutional amendment process is relatively simple, and thus the state constitutional amendment is also universal access to frequent. 58 This also shows that, relative to the judiciary, the state legislative body or the Constituent Assembly to determine the meaning of the Constitution play a more big role. For example, in 1972, and the California Constitution to prohibit the court interpreted provisions of the death penalty. But California voters think that the court misunderstood the meaning of the state constitution, which the court overturned by constitutional amendment clearly explained, fully reflects the voters (or, in some cases, legislative representatives) on ultimate control over constitutional interpretation.
Similarly, as noted above, the French legislation does not infringe the sovereignty of the situation there. There, legislative and constitutional institutions are one, but procedures for constitutional amendment is more than ordinary legislation just as difficult. This allows Parliament to overthrow the constitutional government through constitutional and effective Court decision, and the Parliament often does not. of course, the French Constitutional Court's intervention in politics in general, tend to Administration of Justice, but to say it became a French species can not be said of itself, and France (or U.S. states) have a single system ...
but, and Although blessed with a perfect the law is unconstitutional yet to be perfect, but after all this 200 years to the average American to provide some protection. 34 The reason is not hard to find: the Fifth Republic in 1958 before the French had no substantive constitutional review system, which , so that the .1971 respect of the ;.
1.
the French Revolution and its historical heritage from 1789 to 1958 or 1971, the constitutional government in France is long and difficult. This, of course, and the historical background of the French Revolution has a lot. If Marbury's logic correctly, the key to constitutional judicial review, because the French judiciary and the , while after the revolution because they need the rule of law back to its original position after another, but to control the power of the keys on their hands is unthinkable. In fact, not to mention the constitutional review, even if the judicial review of administrative also in the Revolution nearly a century later it was finally established. 37 for a long period of time, even the highest court's decision is subject to the people of the National Assembly of the . functions. Until now, the shadow of the Great Revolution in France, judicial decisions, the court brief in the still faintly visible. French control of the constitutionality of legislation and administrative legitimacy of the institutions have never been called the Court (Cour), but the nature of the number of Some of the mysterious is not accidental, but has a more profound theoretical basis. subject to the democratic contract theory of Rousseau, the French Revolution from the start of a majority of very pure revolution, in which exploitation and oppression by the large number of level close to the As the framework of the structure of government, which completely evaded the basic rights of citizens. publicists Mall Berg (Carre de Malberg) even declared that the Third Republic there is no law beyond the Constitution, and This more natural than the hh other words, the review of the constitutionality of laws, and resolve problems that may arise, but when the parliaments in the formulation of legal tasks. fully confirmed the destruction of democracy and judicial review will be representatives of the people and to usurp the powers of the judge's prediction. Rimbaud (Edouard Lambert) using concrete examples show that constitutional review would inhibit social progress, and make the judiciary involved in politics, thus losing its independent status and prestige. as a significant example of the United States Supreme Court had 30 years in the 20th century use of years, interventionist landslide stagnant. [the Constitution by giving the name of the court decision, judicial review] is to provide a monitoring means judges to ensure that the chain of judicial supremacy, both in each section with the resistance forces . 40
2. bid farewell to history: for the defense of constitutional review
However, disadvantages, but the cost is the loss of the French Constitution, legally binding, and therefore can not count strong support or opposition. This is caused by one of the causes of political instability in France. From the Revolution to the Second World War began, France has experienced 4 times of the republic and the dynasty, the replacement of nearly 15 mm anyway, the Constitution is not a constitutional reform in France pieces of the vital interests of the people have a major event, ordinary people did not see it too seriously.
few publicists began to realize that this is an unacceptable reality, but they are still surrounded by Rousseau's many followers, and thus They first have to clarify the relationship between the constitution and legislation, and to refute the theory of unlimited legislative power. people have a supreme power, and this power was also appointed by the Constitution on behalf of a legislative and judicial bodies. Although members are directly elected by voters, They do not have the power to go beyond the Constitution, but should be controlled by the Constitution, and any attempt to go beyond constitutional control of legislation should be rendered ineffective. constitutional scholars Aoli Wu (Maurice Hauriou) in 1929 pointed out: constitutional rules, no public authority do not have unlimited sovereignty, so that in the exercise of the powers or performing its functions from the sovereign control of hh can not control is the only country, and it is completely non-commissioned generation. all can be subject to the sovereignty of the Committee on behalf of the be controlled. restrictions imposed on the country, and thus the formation of ordinary legislators must respect its higher principles. Declaration does not create these higher principles; and solemnly declared that they recognize only the hh, in theory, any party shall be authorized at any trial Pretrial proposed constitutional claim that the claim can not be legislated against him by the court used, because it is more inconsistent written or unwritten law (French droit); which dominates the ordinary legislator hh and under the French Constitution of 1789 Constitution of the United States understanding, particularly in countries recognize the principle of decentralization should be to achieve the same result. Under this concept, legislative and judicial powers in their respective fields have the same sovereign; they are completely independent of each other, but they have a common superior - voter power. regardless of the legislative or judicial powers, can not make the conflict with voters the power to decide action. If the legislative powers of the violation of constitutional rules, then it can not join the violation of duty imposed on judicial power. in its own field, which is still is an independent sovereignty. if it is forced to violate the Constitution the legislative power, then it is no longer within the field of its own independent sovereignty, and the separation of powers principle and the principle of the supremacy of the Constitution to have been abandoned. After World War II, the French Fourth Republic was established, radical and conservative forces in fierce battles to take a compromise, limited constitutional review mechanism, the establishment of the Constitutional Council. However, the composition and functions of the point of view, it is primarily a political rather than the judiciary, and 12 years later not much as a brief history. 43 This stage can be regarded as the French system of constitutional review to the transitional stage. At that time, there are a considerable majority of government officials and scholars still oppose a constitutional School's proposal to resist the implementation of any judicial body of constitutional review. reflect the views of scholars of the French traditional theory of democracy and decentralization: the representative of the nation state, while the Parliament represents the general will of the country; Council's function is to establish on behalf of the people and interpret the Constitution, and according to its own interpretation of the Constitution to make laws, but this power should not be directly elected by the people not the judges too much intervention. in the political, constitutional review is also opposed by the majority in Congress, because it will directly limit legislative power. in 1947, power and absolute independence, but at the same time to avoid conflict and Parliament. for different reasons mm theory, history, but mainly for political reasons, we do not appreciate the concept of parliament had to make the product subject to the control of judicial power. , so its existence seems dispensable. Council authorized law enforcement agencies are often significantly exceed the broad scope of the Constitution, but never subject to any review or challenge. Of course, if Justice Marshall, then the world, all of which are insufficient in his eyes Odd, because they are accurate and verified his prophecy of 150 years ago: there is no independent constitutional review body, the constitutional separation of powers principle is not guaranteed fundamental constitutional rights of citizens depends entirely on the legislators wishes.
3. Fifth Republic and the French Constitution, theoretical foundation, the French rejected the expressed very clearly: the Fifth Republic Constitution never absolute, and every power has its limits. > Fifth Republic corrected from two specific aspects of the importantly, the Constitution specifically a constitutional government hospital in order to maintain separation of powers. In the beginning, the main purpose of the constitutional Court is to maintain the traditional separation of powers in France, and to ensure that legislation and law enforcement agencies operating within their respective powers. Despite Constitutional Court also has a political component, but after that it is basically the development of an independent and neutral judiciary. 46 in the 1971 Introduction solemnly affirmed the basic principle of House of the Speaker, but the 1974 constitutional amendment allows 60 senators or congressmen also received the same rights, so that constitutes a sufficient number of parliamentary minority has the right to challenge an Act of Parliament. While ordinary citizens are still not entitled to a constitutional complaint This reform proved significant because it makes the constitutional review of legislative institutions rapid increase in the number and reasons for challenging more and more based on the fundamental rights of citizens. 48 Since then, the Constitutional Court on the constitutional separation of powers and basic rights to develop a wealth of case law, so that the constitution was the government's implementation of universal respect for citizens. Constitutional Court can also develop as a comparable to the U.S. Supreme Court, Constitutional Court. and, like the United States Constitution in 1788, 1958 years, also received the French Constitution, by the ordinary courts review the implementation of the decentralized model, but according to Kelsen's theory governed by specialized courts focus on the review model. 49 and and all of these countries, France, strictly speaking, the legislative mm only the mm of the review is limited to specific officials brought by the prior review; Constitutional Court not competent to examine the bill in force, and the constitutional right of appeal filed has not been able to type, the purpose of constitutional review are the same, that is, review the constitutionality of legislation. It can be said for this purpose, France's unique mode of constitutional review is more effective than even the United States. Almost all the important or controversial Act of Parliament After all Constitutional Court before the commencement of the review, and the bill was withdrawn more than half of the author; 50 In contrast, from the New Deal, the United States federal law by the Supreme Court rarely withdrawn. In this sense, France has been completely entered the part of resolving the contradiction between democracy and constitutionalism. French Constitution allows the legislature only by super-majority of programs will be able to amend the Constitution so as to effectively prevent the Constitutional Court to override the will of representatives of the people on their own anti-democratic tendencies. 51 This is indeed in 1993 occurred: Constitutional Court decisions in terms of new immigration laws in violation of several constitutional preamble 1946, after both houses of parliament to 52 3 / 5 super majority of successful constitutional amendment expressly permitted by the immigration laws, which override the constitutional Court's constitutional explanation. Finally, and most directly, the French Constitution fully reflects the frequency of constitutional elected body role: in the Mitterrand (Mitterrand) president during the last 18 months, the French once adopted three amendments; In Chirac (Chirac) as the president of 9 months, Parliament has adopted two amendments to the Constitution. 53 The problem is not the constitution in France and even the Constitutional Court has become too stable to change the real meaning of the Constitution but it seems too unstable, the legislature can always do it by constitutional amendment through the ordinary law can do.
Thus, although the French constitutionality aroused much controversy, the day has not been step down. In history, the fate of the French Constitution can be described as rough; the French government and the fierce resistance of the constitutional review, the great Revolution, constitutional government. only to 1958, the Fifth Republic was established a stable constitution, and the Constitutional Court, at least partly due to the tireless efforts of .1971, the Constitutional Court's decision to make the Constitution into the lives of ordinary people to so that the the constitutional review system established to promote the stability of the French Constitution, so far did not signs of decline.
fact, and the United States relatively more than the Federal Constitution, the constitutional history of the French Constitution does prove that the ; contribute to the stability of the Constitution. Before the Fifth Republic, French Constitutional change frequently, but in the Fifth Republic was established after the Constitutional Court before stabilizing. I believe that this phenomenon is not accidental, but a deeper level of reason. in obtaining encountered much resistance. On the contrary, when the Constitutional Court's substantive review of the system after the formation of a case, it resulted in the operation of the French system of government influence can not be ignored. especially in the 1971 , Constitutional Court's case law into the civil rights field, while the reform was to make the 1974 a few members can challenge a bill passed by the majority of deputies, which greatly increased the potential for legislative intervention in Constitutional Court. Once the Constitutional Court's decision is generally considered to civil rights protection is essential, if the Constitution in the before discarding it as easy as giving up the constitution mm, is the same as a waiver of the people have always enjoyed legal rights. 54 of the Constitution was the only way people could really get the respect, and forever . 55
Fourth, the feasibility of constitutional review in China
I believe that the constitutional process in France is not an isolated experience, and have universal significance, and China should learn from. First, it shows that the rule of law and constitutional review national trends. the attitude of the French constitutional review of a fundamental change in the end in itself shows the need for constitutional review. French experience also shows that the constitutional review system is established even before the fierce resistance in a country are also possible. Bell, Professor said:
period of time to reach a new constitutional consensus. for the protection of fundamental rights from the law constitutional review was first introduced, to get firmly established the process and political acceptance, only less than 15 years here. This process occurs gradually and is indeed cautious, so if there is too much criticism, withdrawal of the constitutional court can in a timely manner. Perhaps this progressive way to help convince the proposal in 1958 when the opponents, and this also proved to avoid the traditional breaking of a sudden and significant advantage. ;
Therefore, if in practice the measures taken to secure the constitutional review system is fully established. In this paper, a theoretical solution to this major problem: As the People's Congress of China adopted (hereinafter , and the constitutional review system is incompatible with the Constitution? This is a top priority, and if not resolved, further discussion can not be carried out. Once the Constitution is a potential conflicts immediately apparent, and this is a constitutional state must address any underlying problems. This question is particularly sensitive because I believe that the review body must have a high degree of independence mm if not independent, how can guarantee it to the National People's Congress legislation effective supervision? After all, according to general principles of the rule of law, constitutionality) of the judges, constitutional review also failed to produce any practical effect. However, if the review body is independent, how to deal with it and the relationship between the NPC and status?
I believe that the constitutional review and people's congress system does not actually exist any conflict. although if the establishment of independent constitutional review body, that body and the subtle relationship between the National People's Congress need to get proper treatment, but either the establishment of the constitutional review system does not contravene the basic principle of popular sovereignty .
1.
constitutional review and the sovereignty of the people must first be noted that in modern democratic countries, all of the national sovereignty are ultimately from the people, 56 and not any state agency. as the supreme source of power, the people can put their a representative body to grant sovereignty mm, such as a National People's Congress, it can also be granted to other institutions mm, such as President, the President, the Prime Minister or a judge. According to the principles of democracy, instead of the people exercise state sovereignty in general is directly elected by the people, such as Parliament and the institutions mm President, for the people through the democratic electoral process can master these powers of the officials on the most direct political control, forcing them to ultimately responsible to the people. But this is not an absolute principle. For example, under the Federal Constitution, the exercise of constitutional rights are Congress, the supreme body of 3 mm, the president and the Supreme Court. can be said that the three federal agencies exercised sovereignty. 57 in Germany and France, the supreme power as an institution for the few and not shared. Therefore, as a general phenomenon, the adoption of federalism and separation of powers in the country, often on behalf of national sovereignty is not limited to representative bodies, and representative institutions in the strict sense is not the highest authority. In fact, as the supreme power is dispersed in several between the highest body to talk about are two concepts of national institutions; in logic, the uniqueness of people's sovereignty can not necessarily deduce the uniqueness of such national institutions.
1982, China enacted the provisions of Article II of the Constitution: people. the people exercise state power through the National People's Congress and Local People's Congress. is assumed to be correct, but the NPC is the main form of exercise of sovereignty over the development of relevant laws or local regulations (hereinafter collectively referred to as ; usurped the exercise of ; at least in theory, it is divisible, and the different government agencies to share the different forms on different aspects of national sovereignty. is not necessary that the legislature represents the sovereignty of all this is just the traditional dogma mm only, and in 20 century has begun to become obsolete later. One example of the French Fifth Republic constitution, parliament and even lost the monopoly of legislative power. Therefore, the constitutional review of the legislative review body can not be considered to be the inevitable violation of people's congress power, because the latter's sovereignty is secondary or even may be limited; if people are to the constitutional mandate, the constitutionality of the constitutional review body may limit the legislative powers of the NPC, and the constitutional system and that this is not necessarily contradictory.
Second, even if people think that the NPC received full sovereignty, constitutional review also does not mean that the NPC's , amendment to the constitution by the NPC Standing Committee or 1 / 5 or more deputies proposed by the National People's Congress clear meaning, but sometimes too broad constitutional provisions or legislative meaning is vague, and thus to review the agency's explained, it can be modified by express constitutional or legislative provisions, leaving more specific to overturn an erroneous interpretation of the review body. for ordinary legislation, which in fact is the parliament of Western countries often take the means. As noted above, the French Parliament in recent years on successive Constitutional Court by constitutional amendment abolished the effect of the decision. Therefore, as long as Congress holds the constitutional power, then it still holds the sovereignty of the final.
Therefore, in theory, the constitutional review does not necessarily violate the representatives of sovereignty. Its main problem but that it may in fact unduly influence the exercise of legislative power, because the legislative power of constitutional review is, after all, a kind of control, and control of unconstitutional legislation could easily shift to the co- constitutional obstacles to the legislation. In fact, this is what opponents of the United States and criticism of the French Fifth Republic system. However, since the object of criticism is the real impact of constitutional review, the various states must be different considerations. the problem in the United States is primary, because in the federal legislature is not constitutional institutions. in part to protect the interests of small states, in part probably because of the characteristics of federalism itself, the federal constitution amendment process very difficult. According to the Constitution Chapter V both houses of Congress 2 / 3 majority can only be proposed constitutional amendment, any amendment can not be approved; amendment must have 3 / 4 majority of states (that is, at least 38 states) approval before taking effect mm or, if the super-majority Congress will be able to revise the constitution, then the original Constitution protect the rights of small states, it is easy to lose through the constitutional amendment. federalism result of a compromise, the U.S. Federal Constitution, so far only 27 of the amendment. However, the meaning of the Constitution in 200 years, tremendous changes have occurred. This change in the text based on the occurrence of changes in the constitutional sense, of course, is formulated by the Supreme Court case law completed. Since the Congress have no power to amend the Supreme Court interpretation of the Constitution, the Supreme Court the power of judicial review can be considered beyond the legislative power of Congress. This is what the U.S. does not have the theoretical difficulties, because Congress's institutions is probably the state's constitutional institutions mm depending on state law, state legislatures may also be a specially set up for the approval of the amendment on behalf of the General Assembly. But this is a very loose organization, and the speed and frequency of its action point of view, it does not conduct effective supervision of the Supreme Court of Justice. Therefore, the court became a no choice. pluralism in a democratic and federal, between the United States Constitution are biased in favor of the latter, thus the principles of democracy made limited concessions.
contrast, the problem states in the United States to be small enough more, because the state's constitutional amendment process is relatively simple, and thus the state constitutional amendment is also universal access to frequent. 58 This also shows that, relative to the judiciary, the state legislative body or the Constituent Assembly to determine the meaning of the Constitution play a more big role. For example, in 1972, and the California Constitution to prohibit the court interpreted provisions of the death penalty. But California voters think that the court misunderstood the meaning of the state constitution, which the court overturned by constitutional amendment clearly explained, fully reflects the voters (or, in some cases, legislative representatives) on ultimate control over constitutional interpretation.
Similarly, as noted above, the French legislation does not infringe the sovereignty of the situation there. There, legislative and constitutional institutions are one, but procedures for constitutional amendment is more than ordinary legislation just as difficult. This allows Parliament to overthrow the constitutional government through constitutional and effective Court decision, and the Parliament often does not. of course, the French Constitutional Court's intervention in politics in general, tend to Administration of Justice, but to say it became a French species can not be said of itself, and France (or U.S. states) have a single system ...
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